音频链接：喜马拉雅｜时间管理100讲
Let’s continue our topic of contextual management from the last class!
今天我来分享上一节我们延续的话题---情境管理！
Here, I have to share with you a critical idea: whether it is time management or task management, primarily speaking, they are all task classifications. After tasks have been classified, we need to make arrangements based on contexts.
这时我就不得不跟大家分享一个非常重要的理念：管理时间也好，管理事件也罢，其实就是把事件进行分类，事件分类了以后，我们就要根据情境来做安排了。
Then, what is context? Context is the time available to you, the location you are at and your energy level at a certain time. Think of it as time, location and energy.
什么是情境呢？情境就是你有多少时间，你在什么样的一个空间，你当时的体能精力怎么样。
For example, think of a traffic jam.
举个例子：堵车。
When we are in a traffic jam, we have lots of time but we are confined to the narrow physical space of a vehicle.
我们在堵车的时候，我们的时间很多，我们这个空间也很狭窄。
Under this circumstance, if you are the driver, it will be more inconvenient to complete tasks. If you are a passenger, you have time but， you’re still in a narrow space. In addition, your energy level may be low if you’ve just completed work. Or if you’re going to work, you may be anxious about making it there on time. Under either of these circumstances, you may not have enough energy to complete certain complex tasks. So what should you do in this particular context?
如果你开车更不方便，不开车，在车里的空间也很狭窄，我觉得也许你忙碌了一天；也许你很焦虑，要赶着去上班......那这时候你的精力，或者叫能量就不高，这时你想你可以做什么呢？
Actually, under these circumstances, it’s most effective to complete simple tasks instead of complex tasks.
其实你能做的事，不应该是很重要的，你做的事应该是相对比较简单的。
For example, if I am not the driver, I will meditate or close my eyes to rest for a while; or I can open my Omnifocus app to check my contextual lists, such as my phone call list. Then, I will prioritize the phone call list of the most important calls and complete those calls.
比如说：如果我不开车，我就会冥想一下，或者静养一下，闭目养神；或者，我这时候就打开我的Omnifocus系统，看看我的类型清单，比如“电话”，我就调出电话清单，看看哪些是相对比较重要的，我就来拨打。
When you open and review your lists, it doesn’t mean you must complete all of those tasks. Instead, it’s important to choose the tasks that are optimal to complete in the current context – that is the time and location you’re in and your current energy level – time, location and energy.
打开清单看一看，不是要把这清单上所有的事情做完，而是选择适合我当下情境的事情来完成。
Remember what I said in the last lesson: task classification---that is schedules, lists with deadlines and lists without deadlines should be further classified into contexts, such as phone calls, at home, or on the computer. These detailed lists, then, form a system of their own.
所以这时候就回到了我们上节课所讲的：事件的分类---第一个是日程表；第二个有截止日的清单；第三个是没有截止日，按照情境来分的清单，比如说打电话，比如说在家，比如说电脑......这些细分的清单，它就构成了我们的一个系统。
Although calendar tasks are usually simple and recurring, they must be finished promptly and completely at the time they are scheduled. Therefore, when dealing with them, you need to be serious and in a focused mood. Don’t complete these tasks early or late but on time. This requires discipline. Completing them early means it wasn’t scheduled properly and completing them late means that you were not disciplined enough to complete them when assigned.
日历上的事情少，但是它是特定时间要完成的事情，所以它必须非常严谨，迟到了不行，早到太多也不好。这是一类我们要非常严谨。
The second classification lists with a deadline involve tasks don’t need to be completed at a specific time but must be completed before the deadline. These tasks should be completed before the deadline if possible.
第二类就是我们有截止日的清单，那这类事情对时间要求没那么高，但是也需要在有个截止日之前完成。
Also, it’s important that we do not schedule too many tasks on the list with a deadline. We must still attend to these tasks with discipline and focus since we have put them on our list. Failure to complete items on the list creates an attitude that it is ok to miss deadlines which is a flaw that will soon spread to all tasks crippling your discipline and effectiveness.
那日程和有截止日的清单，这两大类的事情，我们不要太多，但是我们要保持严谨，因为到了就必须得做。
Tasks without a deadline can be numerous and so must be further arranged into contexts to help organize our handling of these tasks. The key to completing these tasks lies not in the deadline but in the proper classification of these into time, location and energy level.
对于第三类按情境来分的事情，我们有很多，这时我们就要按照情境来分，然后根据情境来做。
There are three more classifications that we must understand and use to arrange tasks without a deadline… ranging from the very few critically important tasks to important few and the unimportant many.
这也是非常重要的一个分类：由重要&少，以及由相对不重要&多，这样的标准来把它分成这3类。
In our daily lives, we will frequently encounter emergencies or as Covey would call it: urgent tasks. Handling these urgent tasks requires flexibility in our task management, therefore, if we arrange too many tasks in our schedules at fixed times that cannot be shifted, we will be overcome with anxiety about all the tasks that must be completed.
我们的生活和工作中，总是有突发事件的发生，在这种变化的时代，如果我们安排过多严谨的、固定的日程事件，那就会让我们觉得很焦虑、很着急。
This is the power of simple tasks arranged and grouped into appropriate contexts. We have the ability to complete them efficiently and quickly in their proper contexts relieving stress and giving us a sense of flow.
当安排得少，我们就很从容，然后我们就在不同的情境下去匹配做不同的事情的时候，我们就显得游刃有余。
So, today, I want to share with you a quote, “Maintain discipline without losing flexibility.”
所以今天我想跟大家分享的一句话叫：“保持严谨，但不失灵活性。”
Discipline completing tasks at the given time never early and never late.
严谨指的是：日程表和清单上的事物，我们在特定时间一定要完成的。
Flexibility means scheduling tasks at the appropriate times and in the right context in such a way that allows for other urgent items to be handled without adverse consequence to your scheduled tasks.
灵活指的是：按照情境去生成的各种各样的清单，当我们在不同的情境，根据清单去完成不同的事情。
Therefore important items are grouped according to context and listed in an agenda so that even though there is no deadline, there is structure and focus in the organization of these tasks. Do you see how you create the situation that allows you to best complete these tasks efficiently within its context?
这样我们把重要的事情放在日程，特定时间的也放在日程，这样就做到要事优先，但是它是少而精的。
Do you remember the 80/20 principle? It refers to the idea that 80% of outcomes come from 20% of causes. We can group 80% of our tasks into 20% of context specific groups. Think about it – is it easier to complete 80 non-urgent tasks without order or structure or deadlines, or to complete 20 sets of tasks arranged according to time, location and energy level? Can you see how these concepts are working together to optimize your ability to get things done?
然后80%的事情，我们放在按情境分解的，它不着急，然后又能让我们去提前，又符合情境，这样不就是很完美了吗？
Throughout todays lesson, can you see how we cannot rely on our brains to get things done?
听到今天的课程，你会越来越觉得：我们不能靠大脑。
Remember, this is because our brains are not designed to organize and memorize tasks.
因为大脑无法去记忆，也无法去分类。
It is easy for us to arrange three fruits according to their sizes, but it becomes hard to do that among seven fruits. So, our brain is neither good at memorizing, nor for managing numerous and complex tasks.
因为我们连排3个水果的大小，是比较容易的，但是排7个水果的大小就很困难，所以我们大脑是不善于记忆，也不善于管理多而且复杂的事件。
And of course, our tasks and responsibilities are far more complex than making a comparison between the size of a watermelon and that of a lemon.
我们的事情远远比西瓜和柠檬比大小来得复杂。
So, then, how can we pick out the critical items – that 20% of tasks that we must devote our attention to with focus? It’s hard.
那我们怎么来选出重要性呢？比较难！
So in summary, write all of your tasks down and then classify them according to one of the three classification methods that I’ve mentioned: schedules, lists with deadlines and lists without deadlines. Then, complete the tasks according to schedules at their appropriate time, releasing them from our brains energy, instead focusing on those based on contexts. This optimizes the use of our brain to do what it was designed to do – action and in so doing it “brings out the best as”.
所以我们只有把它们全部记录下来，才能对事情进行分类，才能按照我讲的那3类进行分解，然后我们才能够首先保证日程表上的事情被完成，其次才能去完成那些按情境去分解的，这样就叫相得益彰，难易相成。
Since it’s hard for our brain to organize, classify and manage tasks, what should we do?
大脑很难去做到这样的管理，那怎么办呢？
We can rely on an outside system, which includes mobile phones, computers and even paper and pens. Paper and pen are so cheap that they are incredibly suitable for you in this busy and modern society.
那我们就靠外在的系统，外在的移动手机、电脑，甚至纸笔也可以，纸笔也不贵，适合当今社会越来越忙碌的你的需要。
That’s all for this class. Thanks for listening!
这一讲我们就讲到这里，谢谢你的收听！
