we are elevating the boundaries of mobile x-ray imaging,with innovative thinking we deliver solutions that are focused on the care of pationts and physicians needs,we continuously strive to improve the clinical workflow-accurate, fast and relieable,By providing superior image quality we enable new areas of clinical applications.

我们跨越了c臂的边界,创新思维,传递这样一个解决方案,专注于病人的生理健康,不断提升临床流程的精确性,准确性,使其可信赖.提供超长的图像效果,我们得以看到临床的新应用

An x-ray machine is composed of a control console which enables the x-ray technician to select various x-ray techniques suitable for that specific exam, an x-ray generator that creates and produces the desired KV (kilovoltage), MA (milliamperage sometimes referred to as MAS which is actually MA multiplied by the desired exposure length) and x-ray tube. The X-ray tube, like any vacuum tube, contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision. When the electrons collide with the target, about 1% of the resulting energy is emitted asX-rays, with the remaining 99% released as heat. Due to the high energy of the electrons that reach relativistic speeds the target is usually made of tungsten even if other material can be used particularly in XRF applications.

一台x线机有一个可控的控制台,技师通过它选择可变的x线以适用于精确的诊断,x线发生器产生需要的kv,ma(有时使用的是MAS,既为ma乘以所需曝光的时间),x线管.球管,真空管,包含阴极,将电子流直线导入真空,由钨构成的阳极是转移由于电子撞击产生的热量.当电子装机靶面时,大约1%的能量激发成射线,余下的成为热量.由于高能量的电子相对于靶达到高速.

A cooling system is necessary to cool the anode; many X-ray generators use water or oil recirculating systems.

冷却系统也是必须的冷却阳极,一些x线发生器使用水或油循环系统

The main fields in which x-ray machines are used in medicine are radiography and fluoroscopic type procedures.

x线机的主要领域是用于医学摄影和透视

Radiography is generally used for fast, highly penetrating images, and is usually used in areas with a high bone content but can also be used to look for tumors such as with mammography imaging. Some forms of radiography include:

摄影常用于快速高清的图像,临床用于高密度区域.也可以用于乳腺摄影寻找肿瘤,常见的形式:

orthopantomogram — a panoramic x-ray of the jaw showing all the teeth at once mammography — x-rays of breast tissue tomography — x-ray imaging in sections

正体全景体层摄影,一种全景x线,一次性乳房摄影,一种胸部组织成像

Radiotherapy — the use of x-ray radiation to treat malignant cancer cells, a non-imaging application

放射疗法,通过x线的放射性治疗恶性癌细胞,无图应用

Fluoroscopy is used in cases where real-time visualization is necessary (and is most commonly encountered in everyday life at airport security). Some medical applications of fluoroscopy include:

透视使用于必要的实时的视野观察(常用语机场安检).一些医学应用包括:

angiography — used to examine blood vessels in real time along with the placement of stents and other procedures to repair blocked arteries.barium enema — a procedure used to examine problems of the colon and lower gastrointestinal tractbarium swallow — similar to a barium enema, but used to examine the upper gastroinstestinal tractbiopsy — the removal of tissue for examination

血管造影,诊断血管在植入支架或其他修复动脉阻塞.钡餐:一种治疗诊断结肠和下胃肠道问题,追踪钡吞咽,类似于钡餐,是用于检查胃肠上部 活体检测追踪,移除组织的检测

X-rays are highly penetrating, ionizing radiation, therefore X-ray machines are used to take pictures of dense tissues such as bones and teeth. This is because bones absorb the radiation more than the less dense soft tissue. X-rays from a source pass through the body and onto a photographic cassette. Areas where radiation is absorbed show up as lighter shades of grey (closer to white). This can be used to diagnose broken or fractured bones. In fluoroscopy, imaging of the digestive tract is done with the help of a radiocontrast agent such as barium sulfate, which is opaque to X-rays.

x线是高强度离子化放射线,因此其被用于高密度组织的成像,例如牙齿或骨头.由于骨头相对于软组织会吸收更多的射线.x线从发射源穿过人体到达胶片上,射线被吸收的区域相对显示的更亮.可以用于诊断骨头断裂过骨折.透视条件下,?

X-rays can be generated by an X-ray tube, a vacuum tube that uses a high voltage to accelerate the electrons released by a hot cathode to a high velocity. The high velocity electrons collide with a metal target, the anode, creating the X-rays. In medical X-ray tubes the target is usually tungsten or a more crack-resistant alloy of rhenium (5%) and tungsten (95%), but sometimes molybdenum for more specialized applications, such as when softer X-rays are needed as in mammography. In crystallography, a copper target is most common, with cobalt often being used when fluorescence from iron content in the sample might otherwise present a problem.

球管产生x线,在真空的球管中,高电压加速阴极释放的电子使其达到告诉状态,高速的电子撞击金属靶面,阳极,产生x射线.医用x球管通常是钨靶面或者是合金,但是钼经常作为特殊应用.例如当在乳腺摄影需要的软射线.在晶体学中,铜靶面是最常见的,在透视含铁的实物常用的是钴.

The maximum energy of the produced X-ray photon is limited by the energy of the incident electron, which is equal to the voltage on the tube times the electron charge, so an 80 kV tube cannot create X-rays with an energy greater than 80 keV. When the electrons hit the target, X-rays are created by two different atomic processes:

x光的最大能量是会受到激发电子的能量影响的,所以80kv得球管产生不了大于80kev的能量.当电子撞击靶时,两种不同的原子过程形成x线.

Characteristic X-ray emission (X-ray fluorescence): If the electron has enough energy it can knock an orbital electron out of the inner electron shell of a metal atom, and as a result electrons from higher energy levels then fill up the vacancy and X-ray photons are emitted. This process produces an emission spectrum of X-rays at a few discrete frequencies, sometimes referred to as the spectral lines. The spectral lines generated depend on the target (anode) element used and thus are called characteristic lines. Usually these are transitions from upper shells into K shell (called K lines), into L shell (called L lines) and so on.
Bremsstrahlung: This is radiation given off by the electrons as they are scattered by the strong electric field near the high-Z (proton number) nuclei. These X-rays have a continuous spectrum. The intensity of the X-rays increases linearly with decreasing frequency, from zero at the energy of the incident electrons, the voltage on the X-ray tube.
So the resulting output of a tube consists of a continuous bremsstrahlung spectrum falling off to zero at the tube voltage, plus several spikes at the characteristic lines. The voltages used in diagnostic X-ray tubes range from roughly 20 kV to 150 kV and thus the highest energies of the X-ray photons range from roughly 20 keV to 150 keV.[18]

x线特点:当一个电子的能量足够是,他可以脱离原有轨道,结果就是高能级的电子填补空位,并且释放x光子.在这个过程中,释放的x线光谱在小分离的频谱内.有的时候上市光谱线.光线的产生是根据阳极靶这个部件因此也叫特征线通常这种转换是从K线到L线.
轫致辐射:这是一种由电子产生的辐射,当他们被接近Z级强电场分离.这些x光有连续的频谱.x线的强度会从0持续线性的增强,并伴随着频谱的下降.

Both of these X-ray production processes are inefficient, with a production efficiency of only about one percent, and thus most of the electric power consumed by the tube is released as waste heat. When producing a usable flux of X-rays, the X-ray tube must be designed to dissipate the excess heat.

这些产生射线的方式效率都是很低的,只有1%的有效射线产生,因此大部分的电子能源都被以废热消耗.当产生有用的x线时,x管需要设计消耗这种热量.

Short nanosecond bursts of X-rays peaking at 15-keV in energy may be reliably produced by peeling pressure-sensitive adhesive tape from its backing in a moderate vacuum. This is likely to be the result of recombination of electrical charges produced by triboelectric charging. The intensity of X-ray triboluminescence is sufficient for it to be used as a source for X-ray imaging. Using sources considerably more advanced than sticky tape, at least one startup firm is exploiting tribocharging in the development of highly portable, ultra-miniaturized X-ray devices.

A specialized source of X-rays which is becoming widely used in research is synchrotron radiation, which is generated by particle accelerators. Its unique features are X-ray outputs many orders of magnitude greater than those of X-ray tubes, wide X-ray spectra, excellent collimation, and linear polarization