目录
深入了解Docker(1) 环境搭建
深入了解Docker(2) - Cli命令1
深入了解Docker(3) - Cli命令2
第二章 Docker 操作命令
2.1 常用命令
2.1.1 attach
将当前Docker Clinet所在 tty 终端上的 stdin、stdout、stderr（或这三者的任意组合），连接到正在运行的容器。这样，就好像直接在容器中执行命令一样。查看官网文档
# docker run -d --name topdemo ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b
# docker attach --sig-proxy=false topdemo
# docker rm -f topdemo
- 下载镜像
ubuntu，命名为topdemo，并以-d后台方式运行。为防止容器运行完毕退出，以批处理方式执行top -b命令。 - 使用 attach 命令，连接到正在运行的容器。
- 使用 rm -f 命令，强制删除正在运行的容器topdemo
小技巧：
top -b命令能够执行top的batch模式，在此模式下可以不和tty绑定。
查看镜像列表，发现已经增加了一个 ubuntu 镜像：
# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 1d622ef86b13 5 weeks ago 73.9MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 4 months ago 13.3kB
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d707c8af6864 ubuntu "/usr/bin/top -b" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago topdemo
19f4db6db14f hello-world "/hello" 14 hours ago Exited (0) 14 hours ago magical_almeida
9cee21753a37 hello-world "/hello" 14 hours ago Exited (0) 14 hours ago amazing_galois
小技巧：使用
--sig-proxy=false参数，防止用Ctrl-C退出时容器随之停止。
代理信号选项（--sig-proxy），设置attach命令是否代理信号给容器。
当使用attach连接到容器时，如果按下了CTRL-c组合键，那么将发送SIGKILL信号到容器（可以参考docker kill命令），将造成容器退出。可以使用--sig-proxy参数（默认值为true），将这个参数值设置为false，使attach命令不再代理信号给容器。
如果容器是使用-it选项启动的，那就可以使用CTRL-p CTRL-q按键序列，断开这次连接而不发送信号，使容器继续保持运行状态。
重定义分离组合键（--detach-keys="<sequence>"）选项。当容器内运行的应用使用的功能组合键，和attach命令定义的几个组合键冲突时，可以使用这个选项重定义组合键。
注意 rm、rmi命令的差异
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
2.1.2 cp
用于容器和主机之间的文件和目录的双向传输 官网介绍
语法：
# docker cp --help
Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
在容器和本地文件系统之间复制文件/文件夹
Options:
-a, --archive Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)<br>
归档模式（复制所有UID / GID信息）
-L, --follow-link Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
总是跟在源地址符号链接
- docker cp命令类似于UNIX中的cp -a选项，递归复制目录下的所有子目录和文件，文件的所有者设置为目标的用户和组。
- 被操作的容器可以是在运行状态，也可以是停止状态
- 不能复制/proc, /sys, /dev, tmpfs和容器中mount的路径下的文件
- -表示通过标准输入/输出设备以流的方式读取或写入tar文件
举例:
将主机/www/runoob目录拷贝到容器96f7f14e99ab的/www目录下。
docker cp /www/runoob 96f7f14e99ab:/www/
将主机/www/runoob目录拷贝到容器96f7f14e99ab中，目录重命名为www。
docker cp /www/runoob 96f7f14e99ab:/www
将容器96f7f14e99ab的/www目录拷贝到主机的/tmp目录中。
docker cp 96f7f14e99ab:/www /tmp/
docker cp 命令，符合 linux cp 命令的操作经验。如复制到容器的一个不存在的目录下，也会报错：
# docker cp /tmp/ttt/111 ubuntu:/tmp/ttt/
no such directory
docker cp命令复制SRC_PATH的内容到DEST_PATH。如果SRC_PATH或DEST_PATH指定了破折号-，可以从STDIN读取tar归档文件或输出到STDOUT。例如：
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker cp /tmp/ttt/111 ubuntu:/tmp/a.txt
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker cp ubuntu:/tmp/a.txt - >/tmp/1.tar
[root@51yunwei ~]# tar tvf /tmp/1.tar
-rw-r--r-- 0/0 1055 2020-05-31 22:55 a.txt
docker cp 命令是一个重要的容器操作命令，因此cp命令的安全问题是值得额外关注的。更多内容，请参考 这篇文章
2.1.3 create
docker create 命令，以image为模板，创建容器但不启动。create时，在容器的最上层添加一个读写层，以保存容器的所有数据变化。也就是说，docker create命令干的活比较少，主要是准备container的layer和配置文件，以备容器启动所需。官网介绍
Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Create a new container
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
在容器中添加新的主机名
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
选择重定向流
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
I/O阻塞权重
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
增加内核权限
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
容器每次使用CPU的时间长度（微秒）
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
容器每次被CPU调度时的权重
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
容器运行在哪几个CPU
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--device list Add a host device to the container
JSON格式，用于将主机设备挂载到容器中
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--domainname string Container NIS domain name
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network network Connect a container to a network
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
Create命令是用来创建和初始化容器的，所以有很多选项。常用的有如下几个：
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
将host的stdin和容器的stdin相连。通常情况下，-t和-i是配合使用的
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
把容器的端口映射到主机端口上
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
容器需要暴露的端口会映射到主机一个随机端口上（49153-65535），之后可以使用docker port查看端口
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
将主机的文件或目录挂载到容器中
--name string Assign a name to the container
给容器命名
$ docker create -v /tmp/111:/tmp/ttt --name demo ubuntu
关于create、run这类容器命令，后面会有专门的章节，结合容器安全、网络、资源限制等内容，进行综合讲解。官网介绍
2.1.4 diff
查看容器不同层数据的差异。此命令没有选项。
| 符号 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| A | 创建了文件或目录 |
| D | 删除了文件或目录 |
| C | 修改了文件或目录 |
# docker diff ubuntu
C /tmp
A /tmp/a.txt
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
2.1.5 events
容器运行时，尤其是以-d方式后台运行时，我们难以得知容器内部运行情况。Docker提供了三种方式查看，分别是：
- 挂载（attach）
- 日志（logs）
- 事件（events）
events就是获取容器报告的事件。查看官网文档
- Docker容器向Docker Daemin报告事件：
attach, commit, copy, create, destroy, detach, die, exec_create, exec_detach, exec_start, export, health_status, kill, oom, pause, rename, resize, restart, start, stop, top, unpause, update - Docker镜像报告如下事件：
delete, import, load, pull, push, save, tag, untag - Docker数据卷报告如下事件：
create, mount, unmount, destroy - Docker网络报告如下事件：
create, connect, disconnect, destroy - Docker daemon报告如下事件：
reload
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker events --help
Usage: docker events [OPTIONS]
Get real time events from the server 从服务器获取实时事件
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Format the output using the given Go template
--since string Show all events created since timestamp
--until string Stream events until this timestamp
--filter 选项接收key=value这样的形式，目前支持:
container (container=) event (event=) image (image=) plugin (experimental) (plugin=) label (label= or label==) type (type=) volume (volume=) network (network=) daemon (daemon=)
--since 选项除了接受Unix时间戳，也可以接受RFC3339规定的格式。从Docker1.8之后，也支持-10m, 1h30m这样的Go duration时间表达式。
例子：
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker events --since '2020-06-06' --until '1h'
2020-06-06T11:25:00.843043072+08:00 container create 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:25:00.959641717+08:00 network connect e333859e7adf0f72e473d0dfd22db7c74a8d975eab15da0931520023e4c8894e (container=03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2020-06-06T11:25:01.586802990+08:00 container start 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:26:45.329491141+08:00 container exec_create: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=11c60dab0d4dc64c42e2736ad13c5bcb1b35b4a6e0aca5fdb34278acb913163b, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:26:45.330006863+08:00 container exec_start: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=11c60dab0d4dc64c42e2736ad13c5bcb1b35b4a6e0aca5fdb34278acb913163b, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:26:58.551552382+08:00 container exec_die 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=11c60dab0d4dc64c42e2736ad13c5bcb1b35b4a6e0aca5fdb34278acb913163b, exitCode=0, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:31:28.686457564+08:00 container extract-to-dir 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:31:53.648076154+08:00 container exec_create: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=f76dcb2b0049af57476568b289d584fef040995c91c55d375860240f52c6bad9, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:31:53.648440299+08:00 container exec_start: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=f76dcb2b0049af57476568b289d584fef040995c91c55d375860240f52c6bad9, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:32:49.966793668+08:00 container exec_die 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=f76dcb2b0049af57476568b289d584fef040995c91c55d375860240f52c6bad9, exitCode=0, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:33:21.410475774+08:00 container extract-to-dir 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:33:26.392194766+08:00 container exec_create: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=59679a87b775e5393284f08f413ffea371709f29ec31d3d2e18053d3776281de, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:33:26.392513681+08:00 container exec_start: /bin/bash 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=59679a87b775e5393284f08f413ffea371709f29ec31d3d2e18053d3776281de, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T11:33:57.556935518+08:00 container exec_die 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (execID=59679a87b775e5393284f08f413ffea371709f29ec31d3d2e18053d3776281de, exitCode=0, image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T12:01:59.651466865+08:00 container extract-to-dir 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
2020-06-06T12:02:25.758208565+08:00 container archive-path 03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8 (image=ubuntu, name=ubuntu)
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker events --since '2020-06-01T00:00' --until '2020-06-01T23:59' -f 'event=kill'
2020-06-01T00:01:02.351941973+08:00 container kill fd8612fc14e2193cc99baa53d2f9575b1f824d01b9926427565eb44fe05175d0 (image=ubuntu, name=topdemo, signal=2)
2020-06-01T00:11:15.877200815+08:00 container kill ed114953a1486dbbf8b46b3c5c6e83305e28b628074a3e14712a5e7e7e04829c (image=ubuntu, name=topdemo, signal=9)
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker events --since '2020-06-01' --until '1h' -f 'event=kill'
2020-06-01T00:01:02.351941973+08:00 container kill fd8612fc14e2193cc99baa53d2f9575b1f824d01b9926427565eb44fe05175d0 (image=ubuntu, name=topdemo, signal=2)
2020-06-01T00:11:15.877200815+08:00 container kill ed114953a1486dbbf8b46b3c5c6e83305e28b628074a3e14712a5e7e7e04829c (image=ubuntu, name=topdemo, signal=9)
--format 是新增加的选项，使用这个选项可以指定一个Golang模板替代默认输出格式。如果格式串制定为{{json .}}，则输出一个标准的json串，这将有利于后续处理，例如将输出采集到ElasticSearch集群中进行分析处理。
[root@51yunwei ~]# docker events --since '2020-06-06' --until '1h' --format '{{json .}}' | jq
{
"status": "create",
"id": "03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8",
"from": "ubuntu",
"Type": "container",
"Action": "create",
"Actor": {
"ID": "03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8",
"Attributes": {
"image": "ubuntu",
"name": "ubuntu"
}
},
"scope": "local",
"time": 1591413900,
"timeNano": 1591413900843043000
}
{
"Type": "network",
"Action": "connect",
"Actor": {
"ID": "e333859e7adf0f72e473d0dfd22db7c74a8d975eab15da0931520023e4c8894e",
"Attributes": {
"container": "03b22680693f62416d436d76a51991621c2a05a02ff3e790866c417c294f48a8",
"name": "bridge",
"type": "bridge"
}
},
"scope": "local",
"time": 1591413900,
"timeNano": 1591413900959641600
}
......
