对于考研来说，得阅读者得天下。
可是摸摸自己的良心，问问想要拿高分的自己，你真得了解这个敌人吗？
你知道考研英语阅读理解主要考察题型有哪些吗？
呐，知米妞告诉你，题型主要有6种：主旨题、例证题、推理题、细节题、词汇题，还有态度题。
当然，每种题型都有各自的征服方法，接下来我们就从不同的题型入手，看看如何拿下考研阅读理解。
1、例证题
根据历年真题的归纳，我们不难发现，题干中出现example, case, demonstrate, illustrate，mention to show、intend to show、to refute、to explain、to criticize、to discuss、to exemplify、to describe等词的时候，基本可以定性为即例证题。
根据考纲的要求, 例证题的意义并不在于例子本身内容的理解，而在于考查同学们把握篇章结构加区分论点论据的能力，因此，抓住观点句才是解题的关键。
但是，客观来说，对于多数考生而言（尤其是基础薄弱的同学）把握篇章结构，明确定位观点句的难度较大，那么问题来了：如果读不出篇章结构，找不到观点句，还能解决例证题吗？
Of course, we can！虽然观点难以定位，篇章结构不易理解，但例子本身的信息在文中却不难发觉。因此，我们需要做的工作就是把例子看懂，然后在选项辨识的过程中坚持所读非所选（将重现例子内容的选项排除），我们来做一道题：
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.（2003 text1）
[A] introduce the topic of online spying
[B] show how he fought for the U.S.
[C] give an episode of the information war
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA
解析：由题干中的Donovan’s story以及 mentioned可将题目定性为例证题，正确答案为A项，B项中的U.S.，C项中的information war以及D项中的CIA都明显是例子本身的视觉干扰。
2、细节题
细节题是考研阅读的重头戏，也是占比最大的题型。
这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节。题目的标志包括fact，truth；时间，数字，地点，大写字母，钱，专有名词等。
一般来说，这类题的答案均可在文章中找到，但素，当然不可能是原话啦，往往会进行同意替换。所以在做题的时候，注意仔细审题。
注意也要善于运用原文中的特殊语言现象，如因果，类比，时间，空间等关系啊，将零碎的细节组成一个逻辑分明的有机体。
同时也要注意到干扰选项：比如正反混淆选项，偷换概念选项，无中生有选项，因果倒置选项，以及扩大范围选项等。我们来看一个题目：
The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. （2005）
2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to researchers' instructions
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
解析：题中的限定词是most probably，这两个词语的出现本身就有一个暗示，说明选项中应该有不止一个原因，但是题目要求回答出其中最重要的一个因素。原文定位第一道题，可以发现定位句"I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools；a labor force that welcomed the new technology；the practice of giving premiums to inventors；and above all the American genius for nonverbal，spatial thinking about things technological"中含有四个并列成分，分别是"excellent elementary schools" , "a labor force", "the practice of giving premiums to inventors"和"the American genius for nonverbal，spatial thinking about things technological"。上述四个内容在选项中都有出现，很多同学会因为先入为主的思维习惯选择A。但是当我们注意到题干中的限定信息是要求找其中影响最大的一个因素，我们就要比照四个因素哪个影响最大。原文中的第四点前出现了above all，这个短语表示"最重要的是"，所以此题应该选择D。
3、态度题
态度题主要考查的是考生对作者的意图、观点或态度的理解和把握。这种题型要求考生把握作者写作某篇文章的目的，明白作者对文章所论述的观点和中心所持的态度。
考研英语试卷对这一部分的考查主要表现为情感态度题。
该题型常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objective)；肯定（positive）还是否定（negative)；赞成（approval）还是反对（opposition）等等。
该题型常见的提问形式有：
（1）The tone of the passage can best be described as ____
（2）The tone of the passage would be _____
（3）Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage____
（4）What is the attitude of the author towards____
（5）How does the writer feel about______
（6） The writer is of the opinion that_____
（7）The author seems to be _____
我们以2003年的阅读Text 4为例具体说明这一点：
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.
59. In contras to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.
[A] more flexibly
[B] more extravagantly
[C] more cautiously
[D] more reasonably
解析：作者用limits, ineffective, painful这些消极的词语暗示了美国医疗卫生系统的缺憾，通过把握这些词语，我们就能得出D为正确选项。所以我们对语言的理解是有一定差异的，又如尼克松签订1972年公报时，对“一个中国”原则，他手下的修辞专家用了acknowledge 而不用recognize。因为后者是正式的，外交的，打心底里的承认，而前者是一种模糊，对某种既成事实的有限度接受，但在中文里出现的就是我们理解的“承认”。
4、词汇题
阅读理解的词汇题并不仅仅是有词汇量就可以做对的，在做题的时候一定要根据文章的上下文来考虑。
“词无本义，义由境生”，如果说就着单词本义的话，是十有八九要碰壁的，况且很多时候我们往往对单词本义不了解，那么根据上下文和段落大意来推断也是完全有可能拿下词汇题的。
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too。
37. The word “bummer” most probably means something ______。
[A] religious
[B]unpleasant
[C] entertaining
[D] commercial
解析：这篇文章让我们猜测bummer的含义，可以发现其后有一个信号词too，说明前文出现过和bummer类似的词。追溯前文可以看出前文主要是在讲People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery。核心概念为misery，所以bummer的含义即等于misery，所以选择[B] unpleasant。
很多时候，让我们猜测的词义会在前文或后文出现一个同类含义的词，所以大家一定要注意句间关系。
5、推理题
当我们在题干中看到infer, learn, imply, conclude, suggest, indicate等词时就可以判定其为推理题了。
此外，根据题干中对定位信息表述地详细与否，分为细节推理题，段落推理题和全文推理题。
细节推理题的题干中会包含有具体定位信息，段落推理题的题干中会包含具体定位的自然段的序号，全文推理题只是包含主题词，没有明确的定位信息，常常需要我们通过全文主旨的理解进行做题。
然后，我们来看一下推理题的常考出题点：1.段落首末句、主题句、观点句；2.与主题密切相关的细节；3、转折的地方；4.强调或者递进关系的地方。
在考研英语阅读中推理题通常为正反推理和归纳总结。那么针对此类题，我们该如何解答呢？
除了需要关注上面所提到的容易设置考点的位置，在做题时要牢牢记住以下几点：1、主题大于细节，观点大于论据；2、推理必须以原文为依据；3、特别关注转折，弄清转折前后内容的逻辑关系。
下面我们通过2000年考研阅读真题的第一篇文章来讲解一下这类题型的解题技巧。这篇文章主要讲了美国经济在不同时期的状况以及人们对经济发展不同的态度。以53题为例进行讲解。
53.What can be inferred from the passage?
[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride
[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.
解析：从题干的infer一词我们可以判定这是一道推理题，另外，题干中没有提到具体定位信息，所以需要我们根据选项中的内容返回原文进行一一查找。A选项来源于第四自然段中Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride一句。 译为自我怀疑被盲目自大所代替，通过这一句并不能推断出在自我怀疑和盲目自大之间转换是人的本性这一说法。而且本文的论述与人性没有关系。B选项，第三段中提到美国人不再把经济繁荣看做理所当然，而是去inquiry into the cause of decline，并发现了growing competition from overseas。在这种发现的指导下，things changed(第四自然段），美国有了五年的solid growth。所以通过以上内容的归纳总结推断出intense competition may contribute to economic progress。C选项中的国际合作没有提到，排除。D选项出自于原文第一句。选项中描述欠准确，应该为a long success, if properly handled, may pave the way for further development。
6、主旨题
阅读理解中心主旨题，该类题型考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力，要求考生通过对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章或段落的中心主旨。该类题型在历年题型中每年会出现4-6分。
命题方式中含有“main idea，subject，purpose，summarize”等词。题干中出现下列词之一：best title，main idea，main problem，mainly about，mainly discuss，mainly deal with或问本文的写作目的的词(purpose，the author intends to…)。破题方法为寻找主题句或者主题词。
主题句通常出现在文章首段首句、开头转折处处或者文章开头现象结束处。而主题词往往在主题句中、全文中或者题干中多次出现。
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room — a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She’s the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t keep the conversation going, we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.„
29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists
B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities
C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage
D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different
解析：根据题干特征可知这是一道主旨题，主旨题可利用主题复现法来解，通过抓前两段的主题词可确定全文中心。本文我们利用主题词复现的形式：同词复现、同义复现以及同根复现可以找出前两段的复现有“talkative”，“talk”，“talker”以及“conversation”，因此我们可以确定该篇文章的主题词是“交谈，交流”，D项中的“Conversational patterns”是主题词的同根复现，故正确。A项和B项的错误属于无中生有，C项的干扰性较大，很多考生会错选该选项，但只要把握好全文主题词是“talk”，这个选项也是很好排除的。
阅读理解当然不能只靠技巧，万万离不开词汇量的支撑，希望大家可以坚持每天用知米背单词打卡噢～
知米精选干货
回复 |无花果，获取《干货丨考研英语必背必考的高频词组》
回复 |板 栗，获取《干货丨让你的词汇量7000+的100句》
回复 |樱 桃，获取《干货丨高考英语提分利器之高频短语》
回复 |柠檬茶，获取《干货丨四级干货大放送，捡到宝啦~》
回复 |茉莉茶，获取《干货丨英语六级干货的洪荒之力》
