一、介绍
rsync命令是一个远程数据同步工具，可以通过LAN/WAN快速同步多台主机间的文件。rsync使用所谓的“rsync算法”来使本地和远程两个主机之间的文件达到同步，这个算法只传送两个文件的不同部分，而不是每次都整份传送，因此速度相当快。
- rsync功能
- 作为命令，实现本地-远程文件同步
- 作为服务，实现本地-远程文件同步
- rsync特点
- 可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统
- 可以保留原有文件的权限（permission,mode）、owner、group、时间（创建时间，modify time）、软硬链接、文件acl、文件属性（attributes）信息等；
- 传输效率高，使用同步算法，之比较变化文件；
- 支持匿名传输，方便网站镜像；也可以做验证，加强安全；
- rsync同类服务
- sync同步：刷新文件系统缓存，强制将修改过的数据块写入磁盘，并且更新超级块；
- async异步：将数据先放到缓冲区，再周期性（一般是30S）的去同步磁盘；
- rsync远程同步：remote synchronous；
rsync工具官网：http://rsync.samba.org/
比较好的博客：https://blog.csdn.net/jiangyu1013/article/details/79754060
在CentOS7系统上运行下面命令即可安装rsync命令支持。
sudo yum install rsync
在Linux系统上运行如下命令可查看rsync命令的详细文档：
man 1 rsync
在Linux系统上运行如下命令可查看rsyncd.conf配置文件的详细文档：
man 5 rsyncd.conf
二、rsync命令格式
Local: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
Access via remote shell:
Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
Access via rsync daemon:
Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
Usages with just one SRC arg and no DEST arg will list the source files instead of copying.
三、rsync常用选项
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
--info=FLAGS fine-grained informational verbosity
--debug=FLAGS fine-grained debug verbosity
--msgs2stderr special output handling for debugging
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative
-b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
--backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
--append-verify like --append, but with old data in file checksum
-d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
--munge-links munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-E, --executability preserve the file's executability
--chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
-X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--copy-devices copy device contents as regular file
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve modification times
-O, --omit-dir-times omit directories from --times
-J, --omit-link-times omit symlinks from --times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
--fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
--preallocate allocate dest files before writing them
-n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, --whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
-x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
--del an alias for --delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
--delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer
--delete-delay find deletions during, delete after
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
--ignore-missing-args ignore missing source args without error
--delete-missing-args delete missing source args from destination
--ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
--force force deletion of directories even if not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
--usermap=STRING custom username mapping
--groupmap=STRING custom groupname mapping
--chown=USER:GROUP simple username/groupname mapping
--timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
--contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
-M, --remote-option=OPTION send OPTION to the remote side only
--size-only skip files that match in size
--modify-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
-T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
--skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
--address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
--stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
--out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=RATE limit socket I/O bandwidth
--outbuf=N|L|B set output buffering to None, Line, or Block
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
--read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
--checksum-seed=NUM set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)
四、rsyncd.conf配置文件详解
- port：指定在哪个端口启动rsyncd服务，默认是873端口。
- log file：指定日志文件。
- pid file：指定pid文件，这个文件的作用涉及服务的启动、停止等进程管理操作。
- address：指定启动rsyncd服务的IP。假如你的机器有多个IP，就可以指定由其中一个启动rsyncd服务，如果不指定该参数，默认是在全部IP上启动。
- []：指定模块名，里面内容自定义。
- path：指定数据存放的路径。
- use chroot true|false：表示在传输文件前首先chroot到path参数所指定的目录下。这样做的原因是实现额外的安全防护，但缺点是需要以roots权限，并且不能备份指向外部的符号连接所指向的目录文件。默认情况下chroot值为true，如果你的数据当中有软连接文件，阿铭建议你设置成false。
- max connections：指定最大的连接数，默认是0，即没有限制。
- read only ture|false：如果为true，则不能上传到该模块指定的路径下。
- list：表示当用户查询该服务器上的可用模块时，该模块是否被列出，设定为true则列出，false则隐藏。
- uid/gid：指定传输文件时以哪个用户/组的身份传输。
- auth users：指定传输时要使用的用户名。
- secrets file：指定密码文件，该参数连同上面的参数如果不指定，则不使用密码验证。注意该密码文件的权限一定要是600。格式：用户名:密码
- hosts allow：表示被允许连接该模块的主机，可以是IP或者网段，如果是多个，中间用空格隔开。
- 当设置了auth users和secrets file后，客户端连服务端也需要用用户名密码了，若想在命令行中带上密码，可以设定一个密码文件
- rsync -avL test@192.168.36.130::test/test1/ /tmp/test8/ --password-file=/etc/pass
- 其中/etc/pass内容就是一个密码，权限要改为600
示例配置：
port=873
log file=/var/log/rsync.log
pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid
address=192.168.36.130
[test]
path=/tmp/rsync
use chroot=true
max connections=4
read only=no
list=true
uid=root
gid=root
auth users=test
secrets file=/etc/rsyncd.passwd
hosts allow=192.168.36.131 （多个ip以空格隔开，也可以写ip段：192.168.36.0/24）
