python seven day 面向对象

面向过程:
更具业务逻辑至上而下写代码
面向对象:
将Data与函数绑定在一起,进行封装,这样能够快速开发程序,减少重复代码和重写过程

类的组成
类的名称:类名
类的属性:一组Data
类的方法:允许对进行的操作的方法,行为

class Cat:
    #属性

    #方法
    def eat(self):
        print("猫在吃鱼")
    def drink(self):
        print("猫在喝水")
tom = Cat()    
tom.eat()
>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo1.py
猫在吃鱼
image.png
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
class Cat:
    #属性

    #方法
    def eat(self):
        print("在吃鱼")
    def drink(self):
        print("猫在喝水")
    def ok(self):
        print("tim:%s,tim age:%d" % (self.name, self.age))
tom = Cat()

#tom中添加属性
tom.name = 'tom'
tom.age = 40
tom.ok()

lanmao = Cat()
lanmao.name = 'lanmao'
lanmao.age = 26
lanmao.ok()
>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo1.py
tim:tom,tim age:40
tim:lanmao,tim age:26
image.png

init方法 初始化对象

class Complex:
    def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart):
        self.r = realpart
        self.i = imagpart
x = Complex(3.0, -4.5)
print(x.r, x.i)   # 输出结果:3.0 -4.5

str 方法 对象描述信息

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
class Cat:
    """定义了一个CAT类"""
    #属性
    def __init__(self,new_name,new_age): #初始化对象
        self.name = new_name
        self.age = new_age

    def __str__(self):
        return "这里是描述信息"
    #方法
    def eat(self):
        print("在吃鱼")
    def drink(self):
        print("猫在喝水")
    def ok(self):
        print("tim:%s,tim age:%d" % (self.name,self.age ))

tom = Cat("tom",40)

tom.ok()

print(tom)

>>>
tim:tom,tim age:40
这里是描述信息
image.png

全局变量,函数,属性,方法的联系与区别

小测试1.烤地瓜

class sweetPotato():

    def __init__(self):
        self.cookedState = "生的"
        self.cookeTime = 0
        self.cookedzuoliao = []

    def __str__(self):
        return "红薯%s(%d)%s"%(self.cookedState,self.cookeTime,str(self.cookedzuoliao))

    def cook(self,cooked_time):
        self.cookeTime += cooked_time
        if self.cookeTime >=0 and self.cookeTime<=3:
            self.cookedState = '生的'
        elif self.cookeTime >=3 and self.cookeTime<=5:
            self.cookedState = '半生不熟'
        elif self.cookeTime >=5 and self.cookeTime<=8:
            self.cookedState = "熟了"
        elif self.cookeTime >=8 and self.cookeTime<=9:
            self.cookedState = "烤焦了"
        elif self.cookeTime >=9:
            self.cookedState = "烤湖了"

    def addcookzuoliao(self,zl):
        self.cookedzuoliao.append(zl)

#创建的第一个红薯对象
red_shu = sweetPotato()

red_shu.cook(1)
print(red_shu)
red_shu.cook(1)
print(red_shu)
red_shu.cook(1)
print(red_shu)
red_shu.addcookzuoliao("孜然")
print(red_shu)
red_shu.cook(2)
print(red_shu)
red_shu.addcookzuoliao("番茄酱")
red_shu.cook(2)
print(red_shu)
red_shu.addcookzuoliao("花椒")
print(red_shu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo1.py
红薯生的(1)[]
红薯生的(2)[]
红薯生的(3)[]
红薯生的(3)['孜然']
红薯半生不熟(5)['孜然']
红薯熟了(7)['孜然', '番茄酱']
红薯熟了(7)['孜然', '番茄酱', '花椒']

小测试2 存放家具

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

class Home:

    def __init__(self,acreage,info,region):
        self.acreage = acreage
        self.info = info
        self.region = region
        self.lit_acreaege = acreage
        self.jiaju = []

    def addjiaju(self,jiaju):
        self.jiaju.append(jiaju.get_info())
        self.lit_acreaege -= jiaju.get_acreage()

    def __str__(self):
        return "房子面积:%d,房子户型:%s,房子地址:%s,房子家具:%s,房子剩余面积:%s"%(self.acreage,self.info,self.region,self.jiaju,self.lit_acreaege)

class jiaju:
    def __init__(self,acreage,info):
        self.acreage = acreage
        self.info = info

    def __str__(self):
        return "家具名称:%s,家具占地面积:%d"%(self.info,self.acreage)

    def get_acreage(self):
        return self.acreage
    def get_info(self):
        return  self.info

fangzi = Home(126,"三室两厅","朝阳区 长安街 666号")

print(fangzi)

bad = jiaju(4,'原木床')

print(bad)

fangzi.addjiaju(bad)

print(fangzi)

sanfa = jiaju(6,'沙发')

print(sanfa)

fangzi.addjiaju(sanfa)

print(fangzi)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo1.py
房子面积:126,房子户型:三室两厅,房子地址:朝阳区 长安街 666号,房子家具:[],房子剩余面积:126
家具名称:原木床,家具占地面积:4
房子面积:126,房子户型:三室两厅,房子地址:朝阳区 长安街 666号,房子家具:['原木床'],房子剩余面积:122
家具名称:沙发,家具占地面积:6
房子面积:126,房子户型:三室两厅,房子地址:朝阳区 长安街 666号,房子家具:['原木床', '沙发'],房子剩余面积:116

隐藏属性(保护对象的属性)

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog:

    def set_age(self,age):
        if age >0 and age<=100:
            self.age = age

    def get_age(self):
        return self.age

xiaobai = dog()

xiaobai.set_age(16)

print(xiaobai.get_age())
>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
16
image.png

私有属性
在Python中可以通过在属性变量名前加上双下划线定义属性为私有属性

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog:

    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__name = name
    def get_name(self):
        return  self.__name

xiaobai = dog('xiaobai')

print(xiaobai.get_name())

print(xiaobai.__name)
>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
xiaobai
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py", line 14, in <module>
    print(xiaobai.__name)
AttributeError: 'dog' object has no attribute '__name'

Process finished with exit code 1

image.png

私有方法

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog:

    def __test2(self):
        print('test2')

    def test1(self):
        print('test1')

    def test3(self):
        self.__test2()

xiaobai = dog()

xiaobai.test1()

xiaobai.test3()
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
test1
test2

Process finished with exit code 0

del方法

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog:

    def __test2(self):
        print('test2')

    def test1(self):
        print('test1')

    def test3(self):
        self.__test2()

    def __del__(self):
        print('++++++++Over+++++++')

xiaobai = dog()
dabai = xiaobai
xiaobai.test1()
del xiaobai
dabai.test1()
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
test1
test1
++++++++Over+++++++
image.png

查看对象应用计数

image.png

继承

#!/usr/bin/env python

class Animal:
    def eat(self):
        print('eat')
    def sellp(self):
        print('sellp')
    def drink(self):
        print('drink')
    def run(self):
        print('run')

class dog(Animal):
    def jiao(self):
        print('汪汪叫')
class cat(Animal):
    def zua(self):
        print('抓老鼠')

xiaobai = dog()
xiaobai.run()
xiaohua =cat()
xiaohua.sellp()
>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
run
sellp

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png
image.png

子类继承父类,父类的父类

#!/usr/bin/env python

class Animal:
    def eat(self):
        print('eat')
    def sellp(self):
        print('sellp')
    def drink(self):
        print('drink')
    def run(self):
        print('run')

class dog(Animal):
    def jiao(self):
        print('汪汪叫')

class xiaotianquan(dog):
    def fie(self):
        print('飞')

xiaotianquan = xiaotianquan()

xiaotianquan.fie()
xiaotianquan.jiao()
xiaotianquan.eat()

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
飞
汪汪叫
eat

Process finished with exit code 0

重写

#!/usr/bin/env python

class Animal:
    def eat(self):
        print('eat')
    def sellp(self):
        print('sellp')
    def drink(self):
        print('drink')
    def run(self):
        print('run')

class dog(Animal):
    def jiao(self):
        print('汪汪叫')

class xiaotianquan(dog):
    def fie(self):
        print('飞')
    def jiao(self):
        print('狂叫')

xiaotianquan = xiaotianquan()

xiaotianquan.fie()
xiaotianquan.jiao()
xiaotianquan.eat()
>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
飞
狂叫
eat

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

调用被重写的方法

#!/usr/bin/env python

class Animal:
    def eat(self):
        print('eat')
    def sellp(self):
        print('sellp')
    def drink(self):
        print('drink')
    def run(self):
        print('run')

class dog(Animal):
    def jiao(self):
        print('汪汪叫')

class xiaotianquan(dog):
    def fie(self):
        print('飞')
    def jiao(self):
        print('狂叫')
        #第一种调用重写的父类方法
        #dog.jiao(self)
        #第二种
        super().jiao()

xiaotianquan = xiaotianquan()

xiaotianquan.fie()
xiaotianquan.jiao()
xiaotianquan.eat()

>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
飞
狂叫
汪汪叫
eat

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

私有方法,私有属性,在继承中的表现

#!/usr/bin/env python

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'MIMI'
        self.__name = 'BIBI'
    def test1(self):
        print('test1')
    def __test2(self):
        print("___test2")
    def get_MM(self):
        print(self.__name)
        self.__test2()

class b(A):
    def get_mm(self):
        print(self.__name)
        self.__test2()

C = b()
C.get_MM()
C.get_mm()
>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
BIBI
___test2
  File "/home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py", line 22, in <module>
    C.get_mm()
  File "/home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py", line 17, in get_mm
    print(self.__name)
AttributeError: 'b' object has no attribute '_b__name'

Process finished with exit code 1

image.png

image.png

多继承

#!/usr/bin/env python

class test(object): #定义新样式类
    def test1(self):
        print("test1")

class test2(test):
    def test2(self):
        print("test2")

class test3(test):
    def test3(self):
        print("test3")
>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo02.py
testzeo
test3
test2
test1

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png
image.png

多继承注意点

image.png

image.png

多态


class dog(object):
    def print_self(self):
        print("汪汪汪大家好")

class xiaotianquan(dog):
    def print_self(self):
        print("汪!汪!汪!我是你们的老大哮天犬")

def js(MIMI):
    MIMI.print_self()

s1 = dog()
js(s1)
s2 = xiaotianquan()
js(s2)
>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo03.py
汪汪汪大家好
汪!汪!汪!我是你们的老大哮天犬

Process finished with exit code 0

image.png

类属性和实例属性

class Tools(object):
    mun = 0 #类属性
    def __init__(self,new_name):#实例方法
        self.new_name = new_name #实例属性
        Tools.mun += 1 #调用类属性

name1 = Tools("name1")
name2 = Tools("name2")
name3 = Tools("name3")

print("Tools次数:%d"%Tools.mun)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
Tools次数:3

Process finished with exit code 0

image.png

image.png

实例方法,类方法,静态方法

#!/usr/bin/env python

class Game(object):
    num = 0 #类属性

    def __init__(self):#实类方法
        self.name = 'Game'

    @classmethod#类方法
    def add_mun(cls):
        cls.num = cls

    @staticmethod#静态方法
    def game():
        print('_________kais Game_________')

Game1 = Game()
print(Game1.name)
# Game.add_mun() #用类名调用类方法
Game1.add_mun()#用实列名调用类方法

Game1.game()#用实列名调用静态方法

Game.game()#用类名调用静态方法
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
Game
_________kais Game_________
_________kais Game_________

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

练习题
设计一个类,一个卖车是4S店

#!/usr/bin/env python

class CatStore(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.catleixing = CatLX()
    def Predefined(self,cat_name):
        return self.catleixing.neixing(cat_name)

class CatLX(object):
    def neixing(self,name):
        if name == 'redcat':
            return redcat()
        elif name == 'bullcat':
            return bullcat()
        elif name == 'ssCat':
            return  ssCat()

class Cat(object):
    def didi(self):
        print("滴滴响")
    def run(self):
        print("跑")
    def storp(self):
        print("刹车")

class redcat(Cat):
    pass
class bullcat(Cat):
    pass
class ssCat(Cat):
    pass

catstore = CatStore()
mycar = catstore.Predefined('redcat')
mycar.didi()
>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
滴滴响

Process finished with exit code 0

工厂方法模式

基类完善大体框架,实现交给子类

new方法

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog(object):

    def __init__(self):
        print("_______INIT________")

    def __del__(self):
        print("________del_____________")

    def __new__(cls):
        print("_______new_________")
        return object.__new__(cls)

xiaotianquan = dog()
>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
_______new_________
_______INIT________
________del_____________

Process finished with exit code 0

image.png

创建单列对象

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog(object):

    __jsq =None

    def __new__(cls):
        if cls.__jsq == None:
            cls.__jsq = object.__new__(cls)
            return cls.__jsq
        else:
            return cls.__jsq

one = dog()
print(id(one))

two = dog()
print(id(two))
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
140012579000840
140012579000840

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

只初始化一次

#!/usr/bin/env python

class dog(object):

    __jsq =None
    __ok = True
    def __new__(cls,*args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__jsq == None:
            cls.__jsq = object.__new__(cls)
            return cls.__jsq
        else:
            return cls.__jsq
    def __init__(self,name):
        if dog.__ok == True:
            self.name = name
            dog.__ok = False

one = dog("one")
print(id(one))
print(one.name)

two = dog("two")
print(id(two))
print(one.name)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
140137900655392
one
140137900655392
one

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

异常

#!/usr/bin/env python
try:
    open("dsds")
    print("________运行正常1_____")
    print(nameS)
    print("________运行正常2_____")
except NameError:#异常名称
    print("异常处理")#捕获异常后的处理方案
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("FileNotFoundErrorNONO")
print("________运行正常3_____")
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
FileNotFoundErrorNONO
________运行正常3_____

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
try:
    #11/0
    #open("dsds")
    print("________运行正常1_____")
    #print(nameS)
    print("________运行正常2_____")
except (NameError,FileNotFoundError):#异常名称
    print("异常处理")#捕获异常后的处理方案
except Exception as bit:#如果上面没有捕获到异常,这个Exception(所有异常)就会捕获到异常
    print("%s错误"%bit)
else:
    print("没有异常才会执行这个")
finally:
    print("不管有没有异常都有执行")
print("________运行正常3_____")
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
________运行正常1_____
________运行正常2_____
没有异常才会执行这个
不管有没有异常都有执行
________运行正常3_____

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

异常的传递

image.png

抛出自定义异常

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8

class input_length_is_not_enough(Exception):#自定义异常
    def __init__(self,s,length):
        self.len = len(s)
        self.length = length

def main():
    try:
        s = input("please you input >>>")
        if len(s)<3:
            #raise调用你自定义的异常
            raise input_length_is_not_enough(s,3)
    except input_length_is_not_enough as result:
        print("你输入的长度为:%d,最少输入长度为:%d"%(result.len,result.length))
    else:
        print("运行正常")
main()
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
please you input >>>2
你输入的长度为:1,最少输入长度为:3

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png

在异常处理中抛出异常

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8

class Test(object):
    def __init__(self,a,b):
        self.a = a
        self.b = b
    def yunshuan(self):
        try:
            cc = self.a / self.b
            print(cc)
        except Exception as reslut:
            print("写入log日志%s"%reslut)
            raise #调用系统原版的异常处理
go = Test(11,0)
go.yunshuan()

》》》》》》》》》》》》
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py
写入log日志division by zero
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py", line 16, in <module>
    go.yunshuan()
  File "/home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo04.py", line 10, in yunshuan
    cc = self.a / self.b
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Process finished with exit code 1
image.png

补充

if 的各种真假判断

image.png
image.png

模块

def test1():
    print("test1")

def test2():
    print("test2")

if __name__ == "__main__":#判断执行者 测试用
    test1()
    test2()
# import  demoMod05
# demoMod05.test1()
#demoMod05.test2()

# from demoMod05 import test1,test2
# test1()
# test2()

# from demoMod05 import *
# test1()
# test2()

import  demoMod05 as M5 #取一个小名
M5.test2()
M5.test1()
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
/usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /home/adapa/PycharmProjects/demo2/demo05.py
test2
test1

Process finished with exit code 0
image.png
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