简介
Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor 是Mojo::UserAgent中使用的事务构建和操作框架。
use Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor;
# GET request with Accept header
my $t = Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor->new;
say $t->tx(GET => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'})->req->to_string;
# POST request with form-data
say $t->tx(POST => 'example.com' => form => {a => 'b'})->req->to_string;
# PUT request with JSON data
say $t->tx(PUT => 'example.com' => json => {a => 'b'})->req->to_string;
内容生成器
下面是两种在Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor中实现的两个内容生成器，默认情况下是可用的。
form
$t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {a => 'b'});
生成HTTP请求中的查询字符，编码为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data格式的内容。
json
$t->tx(PATCH => 'http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'});
使用Mojo::JSON对象生成用于在HTTP请求的request体中使用的JSON格式的内容。
属性
generators
my $generators = $t->generators;
$t = $t->generators({foo => sub {...}});
设置或获取“内容生成器”，默认可用的内容生成器仅有form和json。
name
my $name = $t->name;
$t = $t->name('Mojolicious');
获取或设置用户代理生成request中请求头User-Agent的值。默认值为Mojolicious (Perl)。
方法
Mojo::UserAgent::Transactor继承了Mojo::Base中的所有方法，并实现了以下方法。
add_generator
$t = $t->add_generator(foo => sub {...});
注册内容生成器。
$t->add_generator(foo => sub {
my ($t, $tx, @args) = @_;
...
});
endpoint
my ($proto, $host, $port) = $t->endpoint(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
获取事务的实际端口。
peer
my ($proto, $host, $port) = $t->peer(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
获取事务的实际 peer。
proxy_connect
my $tx = $t->proxy_connect(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
如果可能，构建一个Mojo::Transaction::HTTP对象用于代理CONNECT请求。
redirect
my $tx = $t->redirect(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
如果可能，构建一个Mojo::Transaction::HTTP对象用于对状态码301 ，302，303，307，308进行请求重定向。
tx
my $tx = $t->tx(GET => 'example.com');
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com');
my $tx = $t->tx(GET => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'});
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => 'Content!');
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => 'Content!');
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => form => {a => 'b'});
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com' => {Accept => '*/*'} => json => {a => 'b'});
使用通用事务构建器Mojo :: Transaction :: HTTP对象发起请求，支持“GENERATORS”。
# Generate and inspect custom GET request with DNT header and content
say $t->tx(GET => 'example.com' => {DNT => 1} => 'Bye!')->req->to_string;
# Stream response content to STDOUT
my $tx = $t->tx(GET => 'http://example.com');
$tx->res->content->unsubscribe('read')->on(read => sub { say $_[1] });
# PUT request with content streamed from file
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'http://example.com');
$tx->req->content->asset(Mojo::Asset::File->new(path => '/foo.txt'));
json内容生成器使用Mojo:: JSON对象编辑数据，并将内容类型application/json。
# POST request with "application/json" content
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => json => {a => 'b', c => [1, 2, 3]});
form内容生成器会自动使用usr中的“查询参数”为GET和HEAD请求中的数据进行编码。
# GET request with query parameters
my $tx = $t->tx(GET => 'http://example.com' => form => {a => 'b'});
对于其他请求方法，使用application/x-www-form-urlencoded内容类型。
# POST request with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {a => 'b', c => 'd'});
可以使用charset选项对参数进行编码。
# PUT request with Shift_JIS encoded form values
my $tx = $t->tx(PUT => 'example.com' => form => {a => 'b'} => charset => 'Shift_JIS');
数组引用可用于表示拥有多值的表单项。
# POST request with form values sharing the same name
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {a => ['b', 'c', 'd']});
具有content或file值的表单项可以使用“哈希引用”类型的Perl数据表示；这时使用multipart/form-data格式的内容对要“上传的文件”和“内容”进行编码。
# POST request with "multipart/form-data" content
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {mytext => {content => 'lala'}});
# POST request with multiple files sharing the same name
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' =>
form => {mytext => [{content => 'first'}, {content => 'second'}]});
在上传文件时，file值应包含要上传的文件的路径或资源对象，例如Mojo :: Asset :: File或Mojo :: Asset :: Memory。
# POST request with upload streamed from file
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {mytext => {file => '/foo.txt'}});
# POST request with upload streamed from asset
my $asset = Mojo::Asset::Memory->new->add_chunk('lalala');
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {mytext => {file => $asset}});
filename可以自动生成也可以手动设置。哈希引用中的其他值都会被合并到multipart/form-data头部信息中。
# POST request with form values and customized upload (filename and header)
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'http://example.com' => form => {
a => 'b',
c => 'd',
mytext => {
content => 'lalala',
filename => 'foo.txt',
'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'
}
});
multipart/form-data数据的类型也可以通过设置Content-Type头来手动指定。
# Force "multipart/form-data"
my $headers = {'Content-Type' => 'multipart/form-data'};
my $tx = $t->tx(POST => 'example.com' => $headers => form => {a => 'b'});
upgrade
my $tx = $t->upgrade(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
构建一个Mojo::Transaction::WebSocket对象，并开始进行WebSocket事务的握手请求。
websocket
my $tx = $t->websocket('ws://example.com');
my $tx = $t->websocket('ws://example.com' => {DNT => 1} => ['v1.proto']);
使用Mojo::Transaction::HTTP进行WebSocket扬请求的多功能事务构建器。
