MacOS下添加自启动脚本有很多方法, 在一篇知乎文章中了解到Launchd替代了过去的init, rc, init.d, rc.d, SystemStarter, inted/xinetd, watchdogd等, 建议用Launchd.
当然还有别的Automator, Apple Script等方式(底层未研究), 感兴趣的自己搜索, 我选择了直接Launchd, 结合so上的这篇文章:
- 编写自己的脚本, 添加可执行权限
chmod a+x myscript.sh - 编写Launchd配置文件(
.plist文件) - 结合上述两篇文章, 确定在系统启动还是用户启动时运行脚本, 我选择的是用户目录(
~/Library/LaunchAgents/) - load这个配置:
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.service.name.plist - 登入登出测试, 或:
launchctl start com.service.name
注:
- 可执行脚本里的路径有空格需要转义
- 但plist文件里
<string>标签里的目录如果有空格, 不需要转义 -
load带-w参数参见这篇文章 - 如果出错, 运行
Console应用查看日志, 或参考这篇文章, 定向日志输出文件
即在.plist文件里添加:
<key>StandardOutPath</key>
<string>/var/log/mylog.log</string>
附: .plist文件示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>com.service.name</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/path/to/my/script.sh</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
如果执行的脚本就一句话, 你可能希望直接在.plist文件里运行, 而不是额外再多生成一个脚本吧? (source)
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/bin/bash</string>
<string>-c</string>
<string>ls -1 | grep *.txt | echo > allTextFiles</string>
</array>
继续, 如果还想以root来执行脚本, 综合起来, 我的实现如下:
cp com.run.udp2raw.plist /Library/LaunchDaemons
cd /Library/LaunchDaemons
sudo launchctl load -w com.run.udp2raw.plist
sudo launchctl start com.run.udp2raw
其中udp2raw对应的命令是需要root权限的, 实测通过. 我选择的是/Library/LaunchDaemons/
注: 唯一要注意的地方, 就是最后两行,
load和start命令都需要加sudo. 没有加的时候没有报错, 但是没有运行成功.
附: folders and usage
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| User Agents | ~/Library/LaunchAgents | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Global Agents | /Library/LaunchAgents | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Global Daemons | /Library/LaunchDaemons | root or the user specified with the key UserName
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| System Agents | /System/Library/LaunchAgents | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| System Daemons | /System/Library/LaunchDaemons | root or the user specified with the key UserName
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
