• 原文：http://www.monobjc.net/xcode-project-file-format.html
• 译者：chai2010

简介

Xcode工程文件采用的是老式风格的plist文件（Next公司采用的格式，现在新的plist文件采用xml格式），它使用花括弧来组织结构化的数据。文件的开头是一个显式的编码信息，通常是采用utf8编码。这意味着它不支持带bom(Byte Ordering Mark)头的utf8格式文件，因为在开头的bom部分解析时就会失败。

注意： 文档以下的部分只是基于 *.pbxproj 文件和元素推断的结果。本文并不是对真实的代码做逆向的分析，因此可能有不准确的地方。

唯一标识码

文件中的每个元素均由一个96bit的唯一标识码表示，唯一标识码采用十六进制书写（对应24个字符，每个字符对应十六进制的4bit）。即使是不同的文档之间，唯一标识码依然是唯一的（和UUID的原理类似）。

Xcode生成唯一标识码的算法可能引入了日期、序列和其它一些预定义的值，但是并没有确切的文档说明具体的生成过程。一个合理的推测，跨文档的唯一标识码也基本是唯一的（应该不会出现两个不同元素对应相同唯一标识码的情绪）。

下面的链接是关于CMake对Xcode的支持的讨论（还有其它一些文章），或许可以提供一些信息：

• CMake Apple XCode support
• A brief look at the Xcode project format
• More on the Xcode project format
• Xcode project object UUIDs

元素

以下这些是工程文件中包含的元素类型：

• 根节点
• PBXBuildFile
• PBXBuildPhase
  • PBXAppleScriptBuildPhase
  • PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase
  • PBXFrameworksBuildPhase
  • PBXHeadersBuildPhase
  • PBXResourcesBuildPhase
  • PBXShellScriptBuildPhase
  • PBXSourcesBuildPhase
• PBXContainerItemProxy
• PBXFileElement
  • PBXFileReference
  • PBXGroup
  • PBXVariantGroup
• PBXTarget
  • PBXAggregateTarget
  • PBXLegacyTarget
  • PBXNativeTarget
• PBXProject
• PBXTargetDependency
• XCBuildConfiguration
• XCConfigurationList

根节点

根节点包含通用的信息。

例子:

// !$*UTF8*$!
{
    archiveVersion = 1;
    classes = {
    };
    objectVersion = 45;
    objects = {

    ...

    };
    rootObject = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
}

PBXAggregateTarget

不同构建目标的集合（含依赖关系）。

例子:

4DA521A6115A00AF007C19C3 /* documentation */ = {
    isa = PBXAggregateTarget;
    buildConfigurationList = 4DA521AE115A00ED007C19C3 /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "documentation" */;
    buildPhases = (
        4DA521A5115A00AF007C19C3 /* ShellScript */,
    );
    dependencies = (
        4DA521AA115A00BC007C19C3 /* PBXTargetDependency */,
    );
    name = documentation;
    productName = documentation;
};

PBXBuildFile

文件元素，被PBXBuildPhase等作为文件包含或被引用的资源。

例子:

4D05CA6B1193055000125045 /* xxx.c in Sources */ = {
    isa = PBXBuildFile;
    fileRef = 4D05CA411193055000125045 /* xxx.c */;
};

PBXBuildPhase

一个抽象的构建阶段，最终需有对应到具体化的构建对象。

PBXContainerItemProxy

目标对象的容器。

例子:

4D22DC0C1167C992007AF714 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
    isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
    containerPortal = 08FB7793FE84155DC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
    proxyType = 1;
    remoteGlobalIDString = 87293EBF1153C114007AFD45;
    remoteInfo = xxx;
};

PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase

构建阶段复制文件信息。

例子:

MISSING

PBXFileElement

抽象类型，对应具体化的文件和group组元素。

PBXFileReference

用于跟踪项目引用的每一个外部文件，比如源代码文件、资源文件、库文件、生成目标文件等。

例子:

87293F901153D870007AFD45 /* monobjc.mm */ = {
    isa = PBXFileReference; 
    fileEncoding = 4; 
    lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.objcpp; 
    name = monobjc.mm; 
    path = sources/monobjc.mm; 
    sourceTree = "";
};

PBXFrameworksBuildPhase

用于framewrok构建的链接阶段。

例子:

4D05CA2C119304BD00125045 /* Frameworks */ = {
    isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
    buildActionMask = 2147483647;
    files = (
    );
    runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXGroup

用于打组文件，或者嵌套组。

例子:

4DA521A2115A003E007C19C3 /* scripts */ = {
    isa = PBXGroup;
    children = (
    4D22DBAF116742DE007AF714 /* fix_references.sh */,
    4DA521A1115A0032007C19C3 /* generate_descriptors.sh */,
    );
    name = scripts;
    sourceTree = "";
};

PBXHeadersBuildPhase

用于framewrok构建的链接阶段。

例子:

87293EBC1153C114007AFD45 /* Headers */ = {
    isa = PBXHeadersBuildPhase;
    buildActionMask = 2147483647;
    files = (
    );
    runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXLegacyTarget

MISSING

PBXNativeTarget

对应生成可执行的二进制程序或库文件的本地构建目标对象。

例子:

8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX */ = {
    isa = PBXNativeTarget;
    buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4A08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "XXX" */;
    buildPhases = (
        8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */,
        8D11072C0486CEB800E47090 /* Sources */,
        8D11072E0486CEB800E47090 /* Frameworks */,
    );
    buildRules = (
    );
    dependencies = (
    );
    name = XXX;
    productInstallPath = "$(HOME)/Applications";
    productName = TrackIt;
    productReference = 8D1107320486CEB800E47090 /* XXX.app */;
    productType = "com.apple.product-type.application";
};

PBXProject

工程，对应构建可执行的二进制目标程序或库。

例子:

29B97313FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* Project object */ = {
        isa = PBXProject;
        buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4E08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "XXX" */;
        compatibilityVersion = "Xcode 2.4";
        developmentRegion = English;
        hasScannedForEncodings = 1;
        knownRegions = (
                English,
                Japanese,
                French,
                German,
                en,
        );
        mainGroup = 29B97314FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* XXX*/;
        projectDirPath = "";
        projectRoot = "";
        targets = (
             8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX*/,
        );
};

PBXResourcesBuildPhase

构建阶段需要复制的资源文件。

例子:

8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */ = {
        isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                535C1E1B10AB6B6300F50231 /* ReadMe.txt in Resources */,
                533B968312721D05005E617D /* Credits.rtf in Resources */,
                533B968412721D05005E617D /* InfoPlist.strings in Resources */,
                533B968512721D05005E617D /* MainMenu.nib in Resources */,
                533B968612721D05005E617D /* TableEdit.nib in Resources */,
                533B968712721D05005E617D /* TestWindow.nib in Resources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXShellScriptBuildPhase

用于构建阶段复制资源文件的shell脚本。

例子:

4D22DBAE11674009007AF714 /* ShellScript */ = {
        isa = PBXShellScriptBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
        );
        inputPaths = (
        );
        outputPaths = (
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
        shellPath = /bin/sh;
        shellScript = "./fix_references.sh";
};

PBXSourcesBuildPhase

构建阶段中编译源文件。

例子:

4DF8B22D1171CFBF0081C1DD /* Sources */ = {
        isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                4DF8B23E1171D0310081C1DD /* test.mm in Sources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXTarget

抽象对象，对应具体化的构建目标。

PBXTargetDependency

目标的外部依赖管理。

例子:

4D22DC0D1167C992007AF714 /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
        isa = PBXTargetDependency;
        target = 87293EBF1153C114007AFD45 /* libXXX */;
        targetProxy = 4D22DC0C1167C992007AF714 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
};

PBXVariantGroup

对不同地区资源文件的引用管理。

例子:

870C88031338A77600A69309 /* MainMenu.xib */ = {
        isa = PBXVariantGroup;
        children = (
                870C88041338A77600A69309 /* en */,
        );
        name = MainMenu.xib;
        sourceTree = "";
};

XCBuildConfiguration

构建配置元素。

例子:

870C88151338ABB600A69309 /* Debug */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Debug;
};
870C88161338ABB600A69309 /* Release */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Release;
};

XCConfigurationList

构建配置相关元素的列表。

例子:

870C87E41338A77600A69309 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "CocoaApp" */ = {
        isa = XCConfigurationList;
        buildConfigurations = (
                870C88061338A77600A69309 /* Debug */,
                870C88071338A77600A69309 /* Release */,
        );
        defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
        defaultConfigurationName = Release;
};