前言：用unittest模块工具来测试代码。
11.1 测试函数
def get_formatted_name(first,last):
"""生成整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
from name_function import get_formatted_name
print("enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
first = input("\nplease give me a first name: ")
if first == 'q':
break
last = input("please give me a last name: ")
if last == 'q':
break
formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first,last)
print("\tneatly formatted name: " + formatted_name + '.')
11.1.1 单元测试和测试用例
标准库模块unittest提供代码测试工具。
单元测试用于核实函数的某个方面没有问题；测试用例是一组单元测试，核实某种情形下函数的有效性；全覆盖式测试用例包含一整套单元测试，涵盖了各种可能的函数使用方式。
11.1.2 可通过的测试
先导入unittest以及要测试的函数，再创建一个继承unittest.TestCase的类，并编写一系列方法对函数行为的不同方面进行测试。
import unittest #导入模块
from name_function import get_formatted_name # 导入函数
class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase): #创建类，包含单元测试，必须继承unittest.TestCase
def test_first_last_name(self):
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'janis Joplin') #断言方法，用来核实得到的结果时否与预期的一致
unittest.main()
测试通过.png
11.1.3 不能通过的测试
测试未通过.png
11.1.4 测试未通过时怎么办
不要修改测试，而应修复导致测试不能通过的代码，检查对函数所做的修改
11.1.5 添加新测试
import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name
class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_first_last_name(self):
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Janis Joplin')
def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang','mozart','amadeus')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name,"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart")
unittest.main()
多个测试通过.png
11.2 测试类
11.2.1 各种断言方法
- assertEqual（a,b) ---> 核实a == b
- assertNotEqual(a,b) ---> 核实a != b
- assertTrue(x) ---> 核实x为true
- assertFalse(x) ---> 核实x为false
- assertIn(item, list)--->核实item在list中
- assertNotIn(item, list)--->核实item不在list中
11.2.2 一个要测试的类
class AnonymousSurvey():
"""创建一个类，收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""
def __init__(self,question):
"""存储一个问题，并存储问题答案做准备"""
self.question = question
self.responses = []
def show_question(self):
"""显示调查问卷"""
print(self.question)
def store_response(self,new_response):
"""存储单份调查答卷"""
self.responses.append(new_response)
def show_results(self):
"""显示收集到的所有答卷"""
print("Survey results：")
for response in self.responses:
print("- " + response)
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
#定义一个问题，并创建一个表示调查的anonymoussurvey对象
question = "what language did you first learn to speak？"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
#显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
response = input("language: ")
if response == 'q':
break
my_survey.store_response(response)
#显示调查结果
print("\nthank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()
what language did you first learn to speak？
enter 'q' at any time to quit.language: English
language: japanese
language: chinese
language: French
language: q
thank you to everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey results：
-English
-japanese
-chinese
-French
11.2.3 测试AnonymousSurvey类
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
"""针对anonymoussurvey类的测试"""
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试的单个答案会被妥善的 存储"""
question = "what language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
my_survey.store_response('English')
def test_store_three_responses(self):
"""测试三个答案会被妥善的存储"""
question = "what language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
responses = ['english','spanish','mandarin']
for response in responses:
my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in responses:
self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()
测试类.png
11.1.4 方法setUp()
只需创建一次对象，在每个测试方法中使用。
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
"""创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
question = "what language did you first learn to speak?"
self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question) #创建调查对象
self. responses = ['english','spanish','mandarin']#创建答案列表
"""存储在属性中，因此可在类的任何地方使用"""
def test_store_single_response(self):
self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
for response in self.responses:
self.my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in self.responses:
self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()
测试类.png
