对于docker各个平台的安装和docker的好处就不说了。
了解docker最快的办法当然就是用它了😄
docker架构组织关系
先简单了解下docker的一个架构
-
docker daemon我们也称之为docker的守护进程，叫做docker的server端 -
docker CLI提供给我们一个统一的操作界面，实现容器和镜像的管理，也叫做docker的client端 - server端和client是通过REST API来进行通信的，所以说server端和client是可以分开部署
- 我们不能直接与server进行交互，但是可以通过容器这个桥梁来进行交互
-
Image（镜像）： 一个只读的镜像模板。可以自己创建一个镜像也可以从网站上下载镜像供自己使用。镜像包含了一个RFS（Root File System） -
Container（容器）：由client通过镜像创建的实例，用户在容器中运行应用，每个应用运行在隔离的容器中，享有独自的权限、用户、网络。确保不会相互干扰。 -
Data Volumes（数据卷）：Volume可以将容器以及容器产生的数据分离开来，这样，当你使用docker rm my_container删除容器时，不会影响相关的数据。
docker 相关命令
- docker version
docker是GO语言开发的，所以会包含GO的版本
➜ ~ docker version
Client:
Version: 18.03.1-ce
API version: 1.37
Go version: go1.9.5
Git commit: 9ee9f40
Built: Thu Apr 26 07:13:02 2018
OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
Experimental: false
Orchestrator: swarm
Server:
Engine:
Version: 18.03.1-ce
API version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.9.5
Git commit: 9ee9f40
Built: Thu Apr 26 07:22:38 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: true
- docker info
~ docker info
Containers: 4 // docker 创建的容器
Running: 0 // 在运行的容器
Paused: 0 // 暂停的容器
Stopped: 4 // 停止的容器
Images: 5 // 镜像的数量
Server Version: 18.03.1-ce // 服务端版号
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay // 网络类型
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 773c489c9c1b21a6d78b5c538cd395416ec50f88
runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
init version: 949e6fa
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.9.87-linuxkit-aufs
Operating System: Docker for Mac
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.952GiB
Name: linuxkit-025000000001
ID: WTAC:2JEJ:57L7:SWDY:XB7L:N5PK:GZ5Z:OXZS:FDAY:4WX5:ABAV:7DGW
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): true
File Descriptors: 21
Goroutines: 39
System Time: 2018-05-04T09:49:53.103863977Z
EventsListeners: 2
HTTP Proxy: docker.for.mac.http.internal:3128
HTTPS Proxy: docker.for.mac.http.internal:3129
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: true
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://oyukeh0j.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
- docker --help
Usage: docker COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/Users/FDT/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/FDT/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/FDT/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/FDT/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
checkpoint Manage checkpoints
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
deploy Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
