那些年学习Linux，你被坑过的故障集合？
一. 文件和目录类
1.1 File exist 文件已经存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File existsmkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在
1.2 No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错
-p解决
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错
解决:先创建目录,再创建文件
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/oldboy.txt[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txttouch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
排错思路：
1、ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?
2、目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/
1.3 command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy-bash: mkdiy: command not found
1.书写错误
2.没有安装
1.4 invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txttouch: invalid option -- 'p'Try 'touch --help' for more information.
1.5 overwrite 覆盖
cp 复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
1.6 remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txtrm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
1.7 is a directory xxx是一个目录
rm 默认无法删除目录
解决:加上-r 或-rf
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错
"/oldboy"E502: "/oldboy" is a directoryPress ENTER or type command to continue
1.8 descend into directory 是否进入目录
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? yrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? nrm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? nrm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
1.9 Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
注意参数位置
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 / tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
1.10 Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt""/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writingPress ENTER or type command to continue
1.11 No write since last change
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override) 粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
1.12 xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了，无法完全显示
这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# ww: 39 column window is too narrow
二. 网络连接类
2.1 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确
[c:\~]$ Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
使用telnet测试端口是否打开
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233 Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
端口开启
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...Connection established. #端口开启To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4Protocol mismatch.Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.[c:\~]$
2.2 yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
Could not resolve host无法解析主机
主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"Trying other mirror.
2.3 yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
有两种情况:
情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versiontree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest versionPackage 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest versionNothing to do
情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cnbase | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 No package treea available. #没有找到叫treea的软件包Error: Nothing to do
2.4 Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网)
原因：
1：DNS配置错误原因
2：Linux无法上网原因
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known 域名无法识别（无法将域名---->ip地址)
三. 修改系统基础配置类
3.1 重启网卡报错 device not present
[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
查看详细错误原因
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho: ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]: Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
3.2 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
1# hostname命令修改主机名(临时 重启服务器之后失效)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostnameoldboyedu59[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
2# 修改文件内容(写合同 永久 重启服务器之后生效)
vim /etc/hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
3# 检查
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostnameoldboyedu59-lnb[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
命令行中的主机名部分没有改变?
解决：重新登录下即可(断开连接，重新连接)
[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#
