找了好久，终于找到了一种方法处理 modis 数据。

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% Copyright (C) 2015 The HDF Group
%   All Rights Reserved 
%
% This example code illustrates how to access and visualize LAADS
% MODIS MOD04 L2 swath file in MATLAB. 
%
%  If you have any questions, suggestions, comments  on this example, please use
% the HDF-EOS Forum (http://hdfeos.org/forums). 
%
%
%   If you would like to see an  example of any other NASA HDF/HDF-EOS data
% product that is not listed in the HDF-EOS Comprehensive Examples page 
% (http://hdfeos.org/zoo), feel free to contact us at eoshelp@hdfgroup.org 
% or post it at the HDF-EOS Forum (http://hdfeos.org/forums).
%
% Usage:save this script and run (without .m at the end)
%
% $matlab -nosplash -nodesktop -r MOD04_L2_A2010001_0000_005_2010005211741_hdf
%
% Tested under: MATLAB R2015a
% Last updated: 2015-07-29

clear

% Set file name and swath name.
FILE_NAME='MOD04_L2.A2015014.1215.006.2015035101044.hdf';
SWATH_NAME='mod04';

% Open HDF-EOS2 file.
file_id = hdfsw('open', FILE_NAME, 'rdonly');

% Open swath.
swath_id = hdfsw('attach', file_id, SWATH_NAME);

% Read data from a data field.
DATAFIELD_NAME='Optical_Depth_Land_And_Ocean';

[data, fail] = hdfsw('readfield', swath_id, DATAFIELD_NAME, [], [], []);

% Read lat and lon data.
[lon, status] = hdfsw('readfield', swath_id, 'Longitude', [], [], []);
[lat, status] = hdfsw('readfield', swath_id, 'Latitude', [], [], []);

% Detach from the Swath Object.
hdfsw('detach', swath_id);
hdfsw('close', file_id);

% Convert the data to double type for plot.
data=double(data);
lon=double(lon);
lat=double(lat);

% Read attributes from the data field
SD_id = hdfsd('start',FILE_NAME, 'rdonly');
sds_index = hdfsd('nametoindex', SD_id, DATAFIELD_NAME);
sds_id = hdfsd('select',SD_id, sds_index);


% Read _FillValue from the data field.
fillvalue_index = hdfsd('findattr', sds_id, '_FillValue');
[fillvalue, status] = hdfsd('readattr',sds_id, fillvalue_index);

% Read units from the data field.
units_index = hdfsd('findattr', sds_id, 'units');
[units, status] = hdfsd('readattr',sds_id, units_index);

% Read scale_factor from the data field.
scale_index = hdfsd('findattr', sds_id, 'scale_factor');
[scale, status] = hdfsd('readattr',sds_id, scale_index);

% Read add_offset from the data field.
offset_index = hdfsd('findattr', sds_id, 'add_offset');
[offset, status] = hdfsd('readattr',sds_id, offset_index);

% Terminate access to the corresponding data set.
hdfsd('endaccess', sds_id);

% Close the file.
hdfsd('end', SD_id);

% Replace the filled value with NaN.
data(data==fillvalue) = NaN;

% Multiply scale and adding offset, the equation is scale *(data-offset).
data = scale*(data-offset);

% Plot the data using contourfm and axesm.
pole=[-90 0 0];
latlim=[-90,ceil(max(max(lat)))];
lonlim=[floor(min(min(lon))),ceil(max(max(lon)))];
min_data=floor(min(min(data)));
max_data=ceil(max(max(data)));

f = figure('Name', FILE_NAME, 'visible', 'off');

% Create the plot.
axesm('MapProjection','eqdcylin',...
      'Frame','on','Grid','on', ...
      'MeridianLabel','on','ParallelLabel','on','MLabelParallel','south')
coast = load('coast.mat');

% surfm is faster than contourfm.
surfm(lat, lon, data);
colormap('Jet');
h=colorbar();
plotm(coast.lat,coast.long,'k')

% Draw unit.
set(get(h, 'title'), 'string', 'None', ...
                  'FontSize', 12, 'FontWeight','bold', ...
                  'Interpreter', 'none');

% Put title.
tstring = {FILE_NAME;DATAFIELD_NAME};
title(tstring, 'Interpreter', 'none', 'FontSize', 16, ...
      'FontWeight','bold');


% The following fixed-size screen size will look better in JPEG if
% your screen is too large.
scrsz = [1 1 800 600];
set(f, 'position', scrsz, 'PaperPositionMode', 'auto');
saveas(f, [FILE_NAME '.m.jpg']);
exit;
​```

具体使用方法:

• 修改要处理的file_name
• 修改输出路径
• 运行m文件，会在输出路径得到一张处理后的全球图片
• 可以修改地理位置是输出图片为地区
• 更详细信息可以访问网址

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