Centos 7 安装ElasticSearch 6.4.1和入门教程

[TOC]

1.下载ElasticSearch 6.4.1安装包 下载地址:

https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.4.1.tar.gz

2.解压压缩包

[root@localhost ElasticSearch]# tar -zxvf elasticsearch-6.4.1.tar.gz

3.启动ElasticSearch

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch

以后台方式启动

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch  -d

TIPS:

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch
[2018-09-19T19:46:09,817][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:140) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:127) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:124) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:93) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:104) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:171) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:326) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:136) ~[elasticsearch-6.4.1.jar:6.4.1]

ElasticSearch 不能以root用户角色启动,因此需要将安装目录授权给其他用户,用其他用户来启动


image

启动成功后,验证,打开新的终端,执行如下命令:

[root@localhost ~]# curl 'http://localhost:9200/?pretty'
{
  "name" : "O5BAVYE",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "rw1yjlzkSgODXkUVgIxmxg",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "6.4.1",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "e36acdb",
    "build_date" : "2018-09-13T22:18:07.696808Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "7.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
[root@localhost ~]# 

返回信息则表示安装成功!

4.安装Kibana

Sense 是一个 Kibana 应用 它提供交互式的控制台,通过你的浏览器直接向 Elasticsearch 提交请求。 这本书的在线版本包含有一个 View in Sense 的链接,里面有许多代码示例。当点击的时候,它会打开一个代码示例的Sense控制台。 你不必安装 Sense,但是它允许你在本地的 Elasticsearch 集群上测试示例代码,从而使本书更具有交互性。

下载kibana

Kibana是一个为 ElasticSearch 提供的数据分析的 Web 接口。可使用它对日志进行高效的搜索、可视化、分析等各种操作

https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.4.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

下载完成解压Kibana

[root@localhost ElasticSearch]# tar -zxvf kibana-6.4.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 

修改 配置config目录下的kibana.yml 文件,配置elasticsearch地址和kibana地址信息

server.host: "192.168.92.50"  # kibana 服务器地址
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.92.50:9200"    # ES 地址

启动 Kibana

[root@localhost bin]# ./kibana

安装Kibana本机访问:

http://localhost:5601/
image

选择Dev Tools菜单,即可实现可视化请求


image

5.安装LogStash

下载logStash

https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-7.0.1.tar.gz

下载完成解压后,config目录下配置日志收集日志配置文件 logstash.conf

# Sample Logstash configuration for creating a simple
# Beats -> Logstash -> Elasticsearch pipeline.

input {
  tcp {
    mode => "server"
    host => "192.168.92.50"
    port => 4560
    codec => json_lines
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => "192.168.92.50:9200"
    index => "springboot-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

配置成功后启动logstatsh

[root@localhost bin]# ./logstash -f ../config/logstash.conf 

ES 一些基础知识:



索引(名词):

如前所述,一个 索引 类似于传统关系数据库中的一个 数据库 ,是一个存储关系型文档的地方。 索引 (index) 的复数词为 indices 或 indexes 。

索引(动词):

索引一个文档 就是存储一个文档到一个 索引 (名词)中以便它可以被检索和查询到。这非常类似于 SQL 语句中的 INSERT 关键词,除了文档已存在时新文档会替换旧文档情况之外。

倒排索引:

关系型数据库通过增加一个 索引 比如一个 B树(B-tree)索引 到指定的列上,以便提升数据检索速度。Elasticsearch 和 Lucene 使用了一个叫做 倒排索引 的结构来达到相同的目的。
PUT /megacorp/employee/1
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}

返回结果:

#! Deprecation: the default number of shards will change from [5] to [1] in 7.0.0; if you wish to continue using the default of [5] shards, you must manage this on the create index request or with an index template
{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

路径 /megacorp/employee/1 包含了三部分的信息:

megacorp 索引名称

employee 类型名称

1 特定雇员的ID
放置第二个雇员信息:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

返回结果:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

放置第三个雇员信息

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "3",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

5.检索文档

检索到单个雇员的数据

GET /megacorp/employee/1

返回结果:

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "first_name": "John",
    "last_name": "Smith",
    "age": 25,
    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

6.轻量搜索

一个 GET 是相当简单的,可以直接得到指定的文档。 现在尝试点儿稍微高级的功能,比如一个简单的搜索!

第一个尝试的几乎是最简单的搜索了。我们使用下列请求来搜索所有雇员:

GET /megacorp/employee/_search

返回结果:

{
  "took": 31,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Douglas",
          "last_name": "Fir",
          "age": 35,
          "about": "I like to build cabinets",
          "interests": [
            "forestry"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

通过姓名模糊匹配来获得结果

GET /megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith

返回结果:

{
  "took": 414,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

7.使用查询表达式搜索

领域特定语言 (DSL), 指定了使用一个 JSON 请求

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    }
}

返回结果:

{
  "took": 7,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

8.更复杂的搜索

搜索姓氏为 Smith 的雇员,但这次我们只需要年龄大于 30 的,使用过滤器 filter ,它支持高效地执行一个结构化查询

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "bool": {
            "must": {
                "match" : {
                    "last_name" : "smith" 
                }
            },
            "filter": {
                "range" : {
                    "age" : { "gt" : 30 } 
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

其中:range 过滤器 , 它能找到年龄大于 30 的文档,其中 gt 表示_大于(_great than)

返回结果:

{
  "took": 44,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

9.全文搜索

搜索下所有喜欢攀岩(rock climbing)的雇员

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

返回结果:

{
  "took": 17,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
image

10.全文搜索

找出一个属性中的独立单词是没有问题的,但有时候想要精确匹配一系列单词或者短语 。 比如, 我们想执行这样一个查询,仅匹配同时包含 “rock” 和 “climbing” ,并且 二者以短语 “rock climbing” 的形式紧挨着的雇员记录。

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

返回结果:

{
  "took": 142,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

11.高亮搜索

许多应用都倾向于在每个搜索结果中 高亮 部分文本片段,以便让用户知道为何该文档符合查询条件。在 Elasticsearch 中检索出高亮片段也很容易。
增加参数: highlight

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {
            "about" : {}
        }
    }
}

返回结果:

{
  "took": 250,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "about": [
            "I love to go <em>rock</em> <em>climbing</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

其中高亮模块为highlight属性

12.分析

Elasticsearch 有一个功能叫聚合(aggregations),允许我们基于数据生成一些精细的分析结果。聚合与 SQL 中的 GROUP BY 类似但更强大。
举个例子,挖掘出雇员中最受欢迎的兴趣爱好:

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "all_interests": {
      "terms": { "field": "interests" }
    }
  }
}

返回结果:

{
   ...
   "hits": { ... },
   "aggregations": {
      "all_interests": {
         "buckets": [
            {
               "key":       "music",
               "doc_count": 2
            },
            {
               "key":       "forestry",
               "doc_count": 1
            },
            {
               "key":       "sports",
               "doc_count": 1
            }
         ]
      }
   }
}
最后编辑于
©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
  • 序言:七十年代末,一起剥皮案震惊了整个滨河市,随后出现的几起案子,更是在滨河造成了极大的恐慌,老刑警刘岩,带你破解...
    沈念sama阅读 159,569评论 4 363
  • 序言:滨河连续发生了三起死亡事件,死亡现场离奇诡异,居然都是意外死亡,警方通过查阅死者的电脑和手机,发现死者居然都...
    沈念sama阅读 67,499评论 1 294
  • 文/潘晓璐 我一进店门,熙熙楼的掌柜王于贵愁眉苦脸地迎上来,“玉大人,你说我怎么就摊上这事。” “怎么了?”我有些...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 109,271评论 0 244
  • 文/不坏的土叔 我叫张陵,是天一观的道长。 经常有香客问我,道长,这世上最难降的妖魔是什么? 我笑而不...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 44,087评论 0 209
  • 正文 为了忘掉前任,我火速办了婚礼,结果婚礼上,老公的妹妹穿的比我还像新娘。我一直安慰自己,他们只是感情好,可当我...
    茶点故事阅读 52,474评论 3 287
  • 文/花漫 我一把揭开白布。 她就那样静静地躺着,像睡着了一般。 火红的嫁衣衬着肌肤如雪。 梳的纹丝不乱的头发上,一...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 40,670评论 1 222
  • 那天,我揣着相机与录音,去河边找鬼。 笑死,一个胖子当着我的面吹牛,可吹牛的内容都是我干的。 我是一名探鬼主播,决...
    沈念sama阅读 31,911评论 2 313
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我猛地睁开眼,长吁一口气:“原来是场噩梦啊……” “哼!你这毒妇竟也来了?” 一声冷哼从身侧响起,我...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 30,636评论 0 202
  • 序言:老挝万荣一对情侣失踪,失踪者是张志新(化名)和其女友刘颖,没想到半个月后,有当地人在树林里发现了一具尸体,经...
    沈念sama阅读 34,397评论 1 246
  • 正文 独居荒郊野岭守林人离奇死亡,尸身上长有42处带血的脓包…… 初始之章·张勋 以下内容为张勋视角 年9月15日...
    茶点故事阅读 30,607评论 2 246
  • 正文 我和宋清朗相恋三年,在试婚纱的时候发现自己被绿了。 大学时的朋友给我发了我未婚夫和他白月光在一起吃饭的照片。...
    茶点故事阅读 32,093评论 1 261
  • 序言:一个原本活蹦乱跳的男人离奇死亡,死状恐怖,灵堂内的尸体忽然破棺而出,到底是诈尸还是另有隐情,我是刑警宁泽,带...
    沈念sama阅读 28,418评论 2 254
  • 正文 年R本政府宣布,位于F岛的核电站,受9级特大地震影响,放射性物质发生泄漏。R本人自食恶果不足惜,却给世界环境...
    茶点故事阅读 33,074评论 3 237
  • 文/蒙蒙 一、第九天 我趴在偏房一处隐蔽的房顶上张望。 院中可真热闹,春花似锦、人声如沸。这庄子的主人今日做“春日...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 26,092评论 0 8
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我抬头看了看天上的太阳。三九已至,却和暖如春,着一层夹袄步出监牢的瞬间,已是汗流浃背。 一阵脚步声响...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 26,865评论 0 196
  • 我被黑心中介骗来泰国打工, 没想到刚下飞机就差点儿被人妖公主榨干…… 1. 我叫王不留,地道东北人。 一个月前我还...
    沈念sama阅读 35,726评论 2 276
  • 正文 我出身青楼,却偏偏与公主长得像,于是被迫代替她去往敌国和亲。 传闻我的和亲对象是个残疾皇子,可洞房花烛夜当晚...
    茶点故事阅读 35,627评论 2 270

推荐阅读更多精彩内容