关键字： 应用统计 Android源码 应用使用时长 应用使用次数
上篇文章主要讲解了如何获取关于系统统计应用使用记录的数据，包括系统初始数据events，系统统计数据Usage，以及通过反射获取的应用启动次数mLuanchCounts。本文将进一步说明系统数据的结构以及相关数据的记录方法。
Events文件
在 手机/data/system/usagestats（/user_id/TimeStamp） 这一文件夹中保存着关于系统记录的每一个activity的使用记录。每一个文件记录一天的数据，文件名为当天开始记录的时间戳，一般为早上8：00，每天到了8点钟都会重新新建另一文件进行记录。目测，是由于时区问题导致本应从零点开始的记录变成了八点。其主要格式如下：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?>
<usagestats version="1" endTime="36503806">
<packages>
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30396792" package="com.android.providers.telephony" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601202961" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="35845563" package="com.android.providers.media" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="606649836" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="35845563" package="com.android.providers.downloads" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="606649836" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30420851" package="com.android.providers.applications" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601225121" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="35832034" package="com.android.defcontainer" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="606636305" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="23280068" package="com.android.stk" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="598593891" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30397034" package="com.android.printspooler" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601202961" />
<package lastTimeActive="35844112" lastTimeActiveSystem="35844112" package="com.estrongs.android.pop" timeActive="190" lastEvent="2" beginIdleTime="606648382" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30419146" package="com.android.keychain" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601223425" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30399122" package="cn.trinea.android.developertools" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601203258" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30396792" package="com.android.phone" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601202961" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30420851" package="com.android.providers.userdictionary" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601225121" />
<package lastTimeActive="36109708" lastTimeActiveSystem="36109708" package="com.android.systemui" timeActive="2262" lastEvent="2" beginIdleTime="606913979" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30394681" package="com.android.exchange" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601198560" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30407696" package="com.android.bluetooth" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601211967" />
<package lastTimeActive="-1499212800000" lastTimeActiveSystem="30420851" package="com.android.providers.contacts" timeActive="0" lastEvent="0" beginIdleTime="601225121" />
</packages>
<configurations>
<config lastTimeActive="30391702" timeActive="30" count="1" fs="1065353216" locale="zh-CN" touch="1" key="1" keyHid="1" hardKeyHid="2" nav="1" navHid="2" ori="1" scrLay="268435810" width="360" height="640" sw="360" density="320" />
<config lastTimeActive="30391712" timeActive="10" count="1" fs="1065353216" locale="zh-CN" touch="3" key="1" keyHid="1" hardKeyHid="2" nav="1" navHid="2" ori="1" scrLay="268435810" width="360" height="640" sw="360" density="320" />
<config lastTimeActive="30391713" timeActive="0" count="1" active="true" fs="1065353216" locale="zh-CN" touch="3" key="1" keyHid="1" hardKeyHid="2" nav="1" navHid="2" ori="1" scrLay="268435810" ui="17" width="360" height="640" sw="360" density="320" />
</configurations>
<event-log>
<event time="28204060" package="com.estrongs.android.pop" class="com.estrongs.android.pop.app.InstallMonitorActivity" type="1" />
<event time="28204136" package="com.estrongs.android.pop" class="com.estrongs.android.pop.app.InstallMonitorActivity" type="2" />
<event time="28572043" package="com.estrongs.android.pop" class="com.estrongs.android.pop.app.InstallMonitorActivity" type="1" />
<event time="28572093" package="com.estrongs.android.pop" class="com.estrongs.android.pop.app.InstallMonitorActivity" type="2" />
<event time="28572101" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.DebugMainActivity" type="1" />
<event time="28575595" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.DebugMainActivity" type="2" />
<event time="28575642" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.statistics.UseTime.UseTimeActivity" type="1" />
<event time="28758957" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.statistics.UseTime.UseTimeActivity" type="2" />
<event time="28758999" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.statistics.UseTime.UseTimeDetailActivity" type="1" />
<event time="28762433" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.statistics.UseTime.UseTimeDetailActivity" type="2" />
<event time="30391673" package="android" type="5" fs="1065353216" locale="zh-CN" touch="1" key="1" keyHid="1" hardKeyHid="2" nav="1" navHid="2" ori="1" scrLay="268435810" width="360" height="640" sw="360" density="320" />
<event time="30391703" package="android" type="5" fs="1065353216" touch="3" />
<event time="30391713" package="android" type="5" fs="1065353216" ui="17" />
</event-log>
</usagestats>
Event
例如
<event time="28572101" package="com.wingbu.debug" class="com.wingbu.debug.DebugMainActivity" type="1" />
用于每一次使用一个activity都进行记录，记录的粒度为activity(也包含每一条config)，记录于系统的文件中，但是只记录距离今天7天之内的详细的Events数据，对于超过7天的数据，系统仅仅记录统计过后的数据，而不再保留详细的每一个event，记录其中包含的信息包括（请特别留意时间戳这一字段）：Event源码链接
public static final class Event {
/**
* No event type.
*/
public static final int NONE = 0;
/**
* An event type denoting that a component moved to the foreground.
* 当一个activity位于前台，为当前展示界面的时候，event的类型
*/
public static final int MOVE_TO_FOREGROUND = 1;
/**
* An event type denoting that a component moved to the background.
* 当一个activity位于后台，不为当前展示界面的时候，event的类型
*/
public static final int MOVE_TO_BACKGROUND = 2;
/**
* An event type denoting that a component was in the foreground when the stats
* rolled-over. This is effectively treated as a {@link #MOVE_TO_BACKGROUND}.
* {@hide}
* 因为event为每天记录在同一个文件中，当一个activity发生在需要记录的时候，如果需要另起一个文件进行记录，event的类型即为END_OF_DAY ，为当天最后一个event，接下来另起一文件进行记录。
*/
public static final int END_OF_DAY = 3;
/**
* An event type denoting that a component was in the foreground the previous day.
* This is effectively treated as a {@link #MOVE_TO_FOREGROUND}.
* {@hide}
* 类似的，每天文件记录，需要承接上一天的event，此类型为CONTINUE_PREVIOUS_DAY
*/
public static final int CONTINUE_PREVIOUS_DAY = 4;
/**
* An event type denoting that the device configuration has changed.
* 当设备的configuration改变时，event的类型
*/
public static final int CONFIGURATION_CHANGE = 5;
/**
* {@hide}
* event所属的应用包名
*/
public String mPackage;
/**
* {@hide}
* event所属的类名，通常是activity名
*/
public String mClass;
/**
* {@hide}
* event记录的时间戳，文章开头列举的文件内容事例来看，显然这个时间戳不是绝对时间，而是相对时间，需加上文件名的时间戳，才是event发生的真实时间戳。
*/
public long mTimeStamp;
/**
* event的类型，如前面代码中所显示的5种
* {@hide}
*/
public int mEventType;
/**
* Only present for {@link #CONFIGURATION_CHANGE} event types.
* {@hide}
*/
public Configuration mConfiguration;
}
Configuration
这里就不展开讲述configuration标签的数据,此数据在统计中使用的概率不大，有兴趣的同学可自行查阅了解即可。具体参考连接如下：
记录文件中所使用的类：ConfigurationStats源码链接
Configuration说明链接
Configuration源码链接
UsageStats
对于UsageStats，用于记录系统中每一个应用的使用情况，记录的粒度为package，每一个UsageStats记录一个Package在一段时间内的使用信息，正如代码中所显示的，此类中大部分字段都是隐藏的，无法访问，其中就包括本文中比较关注的使用次数。但是并不要紧，正如上篇文章中讲到的，可以使用反射获取，但是，其实这一字段的值并不可靠，在接下来的文章中会有详细的说明。
部分源码如下：UsageStats 源码链接
/**
* Contains usage statistics for an app package for a specific
* time range.
*/
public final class UsageStats implements Parcelable {
/**
* {@hide}
*/
public String mPackageName;
/**
* {@hide}
*/
public long mBeginTimeStamp;
/**
* {@hide}
*/
public long mEndTimeStamp;
/**
* {@hide}
* 对于一个应用，最近一次的使用时间戳
*/
public long mLastTimeUsed;
/**
* 对于一个应用，位于前台，被用户使用的总时长
* {@hide}
*/
public long mTotalTimeInForeground;
/**
* 对于一个应用，被用户使用的次数
* {@hide}
*/
public int mLaunchCount;
/**
* {@hide}
*/
public int mLastEvent;
}
UsageStatsManager
最后来说一下UsageStatsManager ，系统提供给外部获取应用使用历史和统计信息的API。可以根据日，周，月，年四个时间范围进行查询。查询的数据包括：UsageStats(2个)，Event（1个），Configurations（1个）
UsageStatsManager 源码链接
/**
* Gets application usage stats for the given time range, aggregated by the specified interval.
* <p>The returned list will contain a {@link UsageStats} object for each package that
* has data for an interval that is a subset of the time range given. To illustrate:</p>
* <pre>
* intervalType = INTERVAL_YEARLY
* beginTime = 2013
* endTime = 2015 (exclusive)
*
* Results:
* 2013 - com.example.alpha
* 2013 - com.example.beta
* 2014 - com.example.alpha
* 2014 - com.example.beta
* 2014 - com.example.charlie
* </pre>
*
* @param intervalType The time interval by which the stats are aggregated.
* @param beginTime The inclusive beginning of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @param endTime The exclusive end of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @return A list of {@link UsageStats} or null if none are available.
*
* @see #INTERVAL_DAILY
* @see #INTERVAL_WEEKLY
* @see #INTERVAL_MONTHLY
* @see #INTERVAL_YEARLY
* @see #INTERVAL_BEST
*/
public List<UsageStats> queryUsageStats(int intervalType, long beginTime, long endTime) {
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
ParceledListSlice<UsageStats> slice = mService.queryUsageStats(intervalType, beginTime,
endTime, mContext.getOpPackageName());
if (slice != null) {
return slice.getList();
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// fallthrough and return null.
}
return Collections.emptyList();
}
/**
* Gets the hardware configurations the device was in for the given time range, aggregated by
* the specified interval. The results are ordered as in
* {@link #queryUsageStats(int, long, long)}.
*
* @param intervalType The time interval by which the stats are aggregated.
* @param beginTime The inclusive beginning of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @param endTime The exclusive end of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @return A list of {@link ConfigurationStats} or null if none are available.
*/
public List<ConfigurationStats> queryConfigurations(int intervalType, long beginTime,
long endTime) {
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
ParceledListSlice<ConfigurationStats> slice = mService.queryConfigurationStats(
intervalType, beginTime, endTime, mContext.getOpPackageName());
if (slice != null) {
return slice.getList();
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// fallthrough and return the empty list.
}
return Collections.emptyList();
}
/**
* Query for events in the given time range. Events are only kept by the system for a few
* days.
* <p />
* <b>NOTE:</b> The last few minutes of the event log will be truncated to prevent abuse
* by applications.
*
* @param beginTime The inclusive beginning of the range of events to include in the results.
* @param endTime The exclusive end of the range of events to include in the results.
* @return A {@link UsageEvents}.
*/
public UsageEvents queryEvents(long beginTime, long endTime) {
try {
UsageEvents iter = mService.queryEvents(beginTime, endTime,
mContext.getOpPackageName());
if (iter != null) {
return iter;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// fallthrough and return null
}
return sEmptyResults;
}
/**
* A convenience method that queries for all stats in the given range (using the best interval
* for that range), merges the resulting data, and keys it by package name.
* See {@link #queryUsageStats(int, long, long)}.
*
* @param beginTime The inclusive beginning of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @param endTime The exclusive end of the range of stats to include in the results.
* @return A {@link java.util.Map} keyed by package name, or null if no stats are
* available.
*/
public Map<String, UsageStats> queryAndAggregateUsageStats(long beginTime, long endTime) {
List<UsageStats> stats = queryUsageStats(INTERVAL_BEST, beginTime, endTime);
if (stats.isEmpty()) {
return Collections.emptyMap();
}
ArrayMap<String, UsageStats> aggregatedStats = new ArrayMap<>();
final int statCount = stats.size();
for (int i = 0; i < statCount; i++) {
UsageStats newStat = stats.get(i);
UsageStats existingStat = aggregatedStats.get(newStat.getPackageName());
if (existingStat == null) {
aggregatedStats.put(newStat.mPackageName, newStat);
} else {
existingStat.add(newStat);
}
}
return aggregatedStats;
}
}
结语：
本文主要介绍了统计数据的具体信息，以及系统关于查询获取系统统计信息的api的部分相关源码。接下来的文章将主要介绍系统是如何记录并统计app使用情况的，并分析相关源码，针对该源码，分析其逻辑。
转载请注明出处。
github：UseTimeStatistic
参考文献：
相关源码链接
developer官网说明
Android5.1应用统计源码分析
Android5.1应用打开次数获取
