写在之前
以下是《Java8编程入门官方教程》中的一些知识，如有错误，烦请指正。涉及的程序如需下载请移步http://down1.tupwk.com.cn/qhwkdownpage/978-7-302-38738-1.zip
基本概念
JavaFX是Java的下一代GUI框架。其目的就是为了取代Swing。
stage类和scene类
JavaFX采用的核心比喻是舞台。舞台有场景。即舞台是场景的容器。JavaFX至少有一个舞台和一个场景。
Stage是一个顶级容器。，所有JavaFX应用程序自动能够访问一个Stage，叫做主舞台。
Scene是组成场景的元素的容器。
节点和场景图
场景中的单独元素叫做节点，如：命令按钮控件。节点可以由子节点构成，具有子节点的节点称为父节点。根节点是顶级节点。
JavaFX应用程序的骨架
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
public class JavaFXSkel extends Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Launching JavaFX application.");
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the init() method.
public void init() {
System.out.println("Inside the init() method.");
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
System.out.println("Inside the start() method.");
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("JavaFX Skeleton.");
// Create a root node. In this case, a flow layout
// is used, but several alternatives exist.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane();
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 300, 200);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
// Override the stop() method.
public void stop() {
System.out.println("Inside the stop() method.");
}
}
JavaFX的控件Label
// Demontrate a JavaFX label.
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
public class JavaFXLabelDemo extends Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("Use a JavaFX label.");
// Use a FlowPane for the root node.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane();
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 300, 200);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Create a label.
Label myLabel = new Label("JavaFX is a powerful GUI");
// Add the label to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().add(myLabel);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
}
按钮和事件
// Demonstrate JavaFX events and buttons.
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
public class JavaFXEventDemo extends Application {
Label response;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("Use JavaFX Buttons and Events.");
// Use a FlowPane for the root node. In this case,
// vertical and horizontal gaps of 10.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane(10, 10); //水平和垂直间隔
// Center the controls in the scene.
rootNode.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER); //中间对齐
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 300, 100);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Create a label.
response = new Label("Push a Button");
// Create two push buttons.
Button btnUp = new Button("Up");
Button btnDown = new Button("Down");
// Handle the action events for the Up button.
btnUp.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
response.setText("You pressed Up.");
}
});
// Handle the action events for the Down button. 匿名内部类实现EventHandler接口。
btnDown.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
response.setText("You pressed Down.");
}
});
// Add the label and buttons to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().addAll(btnUp, btnDown, response);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
}
CheckBox
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
public class CheckboxDemo extends Application {
CheckBox cbSmartphone;
CheckBox cbTablet;
CheckBox cbNotebook;
CheckBox cbDesktop;
Label response;
Label selected;
String computers;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("Demonstrate Check Boxes");
// Use a vertical FlowPane for the root node. In this case,
// vertical and horizontal gaps of 10.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane(Orientation.VERTICAL, 10, 10);
// Center the controls in the scene.
rootNode.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 230, 200);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
Label heading = new Label("What Computers Do You Own?");
// Create a label that will report the state change of a check box.
response = new Label("");
// Create a label that will report all selected check boxes.
selected = new Label("");
// Create the check boxes.
cbSmartphone = new CheckBox("Smartphone");
cbTablet = new CheckBox("Tablet");
cbNotebook = new CheckBox("Notebook");
cbDesktop = new CheckBox("Desktop");
// Handle action events for the check boxes.
cbSmartphone.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
if(cbSmartphone.isSelected())
response.setText("Smartphone was just selected.");
else
response.setText("Smartphone was just cleared.");
showAll();
}
});
cbTablet.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
if(cbTablet.isSelected())
response.setText("Tablet was just selected.");
else
response.setText("Tablet was just cleared.");
showAll();
}
});
cbNotebook.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
if(cbNotebook.isSelected())
response.setText("Notebook was just selected.");
else
response.setText("Notebook was just cleared.");
showAll();
}
});
cbDesktop.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
if(cbDesktop.isSelected())
response.setText("Desktop was just selected.");
else
response.setText("Desktop was just cleared.");
showAll();
}
});
// Add controls to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().addAll(heading, cbSmartphone, cbTablet,
cbNotebook, cbDesktop, response, selected);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
showAll();
}
// Update and show the selections.
void showAll() {
computers = "";
if(cbSmartphone.isSelected()) computers = "Smartphone ";
if(cbTablet.isSelected()) computers += "Tablet ";
if(cbNotebook.isSelected()) computers += "Notebook ";
if(cbDesktop.isSelected()) computers += "Desktop";
selected.setText("Computers selected: " + computers);
}
}
ListView
// Demonstrate a list view.
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
import javafx.beans.value.*;
import javafx.collections.*;
public class ListViewDemo extends Application {
Label response;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("ListView Demo");
// Use a FlowPane for the root node. In this case,
// vertical and horizontal gaps of 10.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane(10, 10);
// Center the controls in the scene.
rootNode.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 200, 120);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Create a label.
response = new Label("Select Computer Type");
// Create an ObservableList of entries for the list view.
ObservableList<String> computerTypes =
FXCollections.observableArrayList("Smartphone", "Tablet", "Notebook",
"Desktop" );
// Create the list view.
ListView<String> lvComputers = new ListView<String>(computerTypes);
// Set the preferred height and width.
lvComputers.setPrefSize(100, 70);
// Get the list view selection model.
MultipleSelectionModel<String> lvSelModel =
lvComputers.getSelectionModel();
// Use a change listener to respond to a change of selection within
// a list view.
lvSelModel.selectedItemProperty().addListener(
new ChangeListener<String>() {
public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends String> changed,
String oldVal, String newVal) {
// Display the selection.
response.setText("Computer selected is " + newVal);
}
});
// Add the label and list view to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().addAll(lvComputers, response);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
}
TextField
// Demonstrate a text field.
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
public class TextFieldDemo extends Application {
TextField tf;
Label response;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("Demonstrate a TextField");
// Use a FlowPane for the root node. In this case,
// vertical and horizontal gaps of 10.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane(10, 10);
// Center the controls in the scene.
rootNode.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 230, 140);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Create a label that will report the state of the
// selected check box.
response = new Label("Enter Name: ");
// Create a button that gets the text.
Button btnGetText = new Button("Get Name");
// Create a text field.
tf = new TextField();
// Set the prompt.
tf.setPromptText("Enter a name.");
// Set preferred column count.
tf.setPrefColumnCount(15);
// Use a lambda expression to handle action events for the
// text field. Action events are generated when ENTER is
// pressed while the text field has input focus. In this case,
// the text in the field is obtained and displayed.
tf.setOnAction( (ae) -> response.setText("Enter pressed. Name is: " +
tf.getText()));
// Use a lambda expression to get text from the text field
// when the button is pressed.
btnGetText.setOnAction((ae) ->
response.setText("Button pressed. Name is: " +
tf.getText()));
// Use a separator to better organize the layout.
Separator separator = new Separator();
separator.setPrefWidth(180);
// Add controls to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().addAll(tf, btnGetText, separator, response);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
}
效果和变换
// Demonstrate rotation, scaling, reflection, and bluring.
import javafx.application.*;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
import javafx.scene.transform.*;
import javafx.scene.effect.*;
import javafx.scene.paint.*;
public class EffectsAndTransformsDemo extends Application {
double angle = 0.0;
double scaleFactor = 0.4;
double blurVal = 1.0;
// Create initial effects and transforms.
Reflection reflection = new Reflection();
BoxBlur blur = new BoxBlur(1.0, 1.0, 1);
Rotate rotate = new Rotate();
Scale scale = new Scale(scaleFactor, scaleFactor);
// Create push buttons.
Button btnRotate = new Button("Rotate");
Button btnBlur = new Button("Blur off");
Button btnScale = new Button("Scale");
Label reflect = new Label("Reflection Adds Visual Sparkle");
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Start the JavaFX application by calling launch().
launch(args);
}
// Override the start() method.
public void start(Stage myStage) {
// Give the stage a title.
myStage.setTitle("Effects and Transforms Demo");
// Use a FlowPane for the root node. In this case,
// vertical and horizontal gaps of 20 are used.
FlowPane rootNode = new FlowPane(20, 20);
// Center the controls in the scene.
rootNode.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
// Create a scene.
Scene myScene = new Scene(rootNode, 300, 120);
// Set the scene on the stage.
myStage.setScene(myScene);
// Add rotation to the transform list for the Rotate button.
btnRotate.getTransforms().add(rotate);
// Add scaling to the transform list for the Scale button.
btnScale.getTransforms().add(scale);
// Set the reflection effect on the reflection label.
reflection.setTopOpacity(0.7);
reflection.setBottomOpacity(0.3);
reflect.setEffect(reflection);
// Handle the action events for the Rotate button.
btnRotate.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
// Each time button is pressed, it is rotated 30 degrees
// around its center.
angle += 15.0;
rotate.setAngle(angle);
rotate.setPivotX(btnRotate.getWidth()/2);
rotate.setPivotY(btnRotate.getHeight()/2);
}
});
// Handle the action events for the Scale button.
btnScale.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
// Each time button is pressed, the button's scale is changed.
scaleFactor += 0.1;
if(scaleFactor > 2.0) scaleFactor = 0.4;
scale.setX(scaleFactor);
scale.setY(scaleFactor);
}
});
// Handle the action events for the Blur button.
btnBlur.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
// Each time button is pressed, its blur status is changed.
if(blurVal == 10.0) {
blurVal = 1.0;
btnBlur.setEffect(null);
btnBlur.setText("Blur off");
} else {
blurVal++;
btnBlur.setEffect(blur);
btnBlur.setText("Blur on");
}
blur.setWidth(blurVal);
blur.setHeight(blurVal);
}
});
// Add the label and buttons to the scene graph.
rootNode.getChildren().addAll(btnRotate, btnScale, btnBlur, reflect);
// Show the stage and its scene.
myStage.show();
}
}
