前言
今天在服务器安装mysql之后，登录发现密码错误，但是我没有设置密码呀，最后百度之后得知，mysql在5.7版本之后会自动创建一个初始密码。报错如下:
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
修改密码
1. 检查mysql服务是否启动，如果启动，关闭mysql服务
//查看mysql服务状态
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# ps -ef | grep -i mysql
root 22972 1 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 23166 22972 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 23237 21825 0 14:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep -i mysql
//关闭服务
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]#
2. 修改mysql的配置文件my.cnf
my.cnf配置文件的位置，一般在/etc/my.cnf，有些版本在/etc/mysql/my.cnf
在配置文件中，增加2行代码，如果[mysqld]加过，不用重复添加
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
作用是登录mysql的时候跳过密码验证
然后启动mysql服务，并进入mysql
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysqld start
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]#
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3. 修改密码
连接mysql这个数据库，修改用户密码
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root_password') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
4. 重启mysql服务
先将之前加在配置文件里面的2句代码注释或删除掉，然后重启mysql服务，就可以使用刚刚设置的密码登录了。
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysql start
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]#
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
备注：
特殊情况，在CentOS上的操作方式有所不同。执行修改密码的命令一直报错，请参考
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('xxxxxxxx') where User='root';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '('root_password') where User='root'' at line 1
不可能是语法问题，检查了很多遍，最后发现CentOS下应该这样操作：
查看初始密码
[root@VM_0_8_centos ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-09-26T04:25:54.927944Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (8)a+_8aK5
可以看到初始密码为(8)a+_8aK5
使用初始密码登录
[root@VM_0_8_centos ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
再次修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxxxx';
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
