在比特币学习和投资过程中,会遇到很多术语,例如:挖矿、矿工费、工作量证明等。在《精通比特币》书中有相关术语介绍,具体如下。
1. 地址(address)
A bitcoin address looks like 1DSrfJdB2AnWaFNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV . It consists ofa string of letters and numbers starting with a “1” (number one). Just like you askothers to send an email to your email address, you would ask others to send youbitcoin to your bitcoin address.
比特币地址(例如:1DSrfJdB2AnWaFNgSbv3MZC2m74996JafV)由一串字符和数字组成,以阿拉伯数字“1”开头。就像别人向你的email地址发送电子邮件一样,他可以通过你的比特币地址向你发送比特币。
比特币地址类似于银行卡账号,可通过比特币地址进行充值和提现。例如:在交易平台购买比特币,购买的比特币将充值到交易平台你的比特币地址,之后你可以将交易平台的比特币提现到你的比特币钱包。
2,BIP(Bitcoin Improvement Proposals)
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals. A set of proposals that members of the bitcoincommunity have submitted to improve bitcoin. For example, BIP0021 is a proposalto improve the bitcoin uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme.
比特币改进提议(BIP),指比特币社区成员所提交的一系列改进比特币的提议。例如,BIP0021是一项改进比特币统一资源标识符(URI)计划的提议。
3,比特币(bitcoin)
The name of the currency unit (the coin), the network, and the software.
比特币既可以指这种虚拟货币单位,也指比特币网络或者网络节点使用的比特币软件。
4,区块(block)
A grouping of transactions, marked with a timestamp, and a fingerprint of theprevious block. The block header is hashed to produce a proof of work, therebyvalidating the transactions. Valid blocks are added to the main blockchain by network consensus.
一个区块就是若干交易数据的集合,它会被标记上时间戳和之前一个区块的独特标记,其中的时间戳是该区块产生的时间。区块头经过哈希运算后会生成一份工作量证明,从而验证区块中的交易。有效的区块经过全网络的共识后会被追加到主区块链中。
5,区块链(blockchain)
A list of validated blocks, each linking to its predecessor all the way to the genesisblock.
区块链是一串通过验证的区块,当中的每一个区块都与上一个相连,一直连到创世区块。
6,确认(confirmations)
Once a transaction is included in a block, it has one confirmation. As soon asanother block is mined on the same blockchain, the transaction has two confirmations, and so on. Six or more confirmations is considered sufficient proof that atransaction cannot be reversed.
当一项交易被区块收录时,我们可以说它有一次确认。矿工们在此区块之后每再产生一个区块,此项交易的确认数就再加一。当确认数达到六及以上时,通常认为这笔交易比较安全并难以逆转。
7,难度(difficulty)
A network-wide setting that controls how much computation is required to producea proof of work.
整个网络会通过调整“难度”这个变量来控制生成工作量证明所需要的计算力。
8,难度目标(difficulty target)
A difficulty at which all the computation in the network will find blocks approximately every 10 minutes.
使整个网络的计算力大致每10分钟产生一个区块所需要的难度数值即为难度目标。
9,难度调整(difficulty retargeting)
A network-wide recalculation of the difficulty that occurs once every 2,106 blocksand considers the hashing power of the previous 2,106 blocks.
整个网络每产生2,106个区块后会根据之前2,106个区块的算力进行难度调整。
10,挖矿(mining)
挖矿是通过算力计算一个能够填充本区块头的随机值,让区块头的哈希散列值符合某一个标准。第一个计算出该随机值的人将拥有在区块链追加到主区块链的权利,同时将该区块的产生的比特币(当前为12.5比特币)和区块中所有交易的交易费作为奖励。
11,矿工费(fees)
The sender of a transaction often includes a fee to the network for processing therequested transaction. Most transactions require a minimum fee of 0.5 mBTC.
交易的发起者通常会向网络缴纳一笔矿工费,用以处理这笔交易。大多数的交易需要0.5毫比特币的矿工费。
12,哈希(hash)
A digital fingerprint of some binary input.
二进制数据的一种数字指纹。例如:某一个区块头的哈希值,就是能唯一标识该区块头的一个数字。
13,创世区块(genesis block)
The first block in the blockchain, used to initialize the cryptocurrency.
创世区块指区块链上的第一个区块,用来初始化相应的加密货币。
14,矿工(miner)
A network node that finds valid proof of work for new blocks, by repeated hashing.
矿工指通过不断重复哈希运算来产生工作量证明的各网络节点。
15,网络(network)
A peer-to-peer network that propagates transactions and blocks to every bitcoinnode on the network.
比特币网络是一个由若干节点组成的用以广播交易信息和数据区块的P2P网络。
16,工作量证明(Proof-Of-Work)
A piece of data that requires significant computation to find. In bitcoin, minersmust find a numeric solution to the SHA256 algorithm that meets a network-widetarget, the difficulty target.
工作量证明指通过有效计算得到的一小块数据。具体到比特币,矿工必须要在满足全网目标难度的情况下求解SHA256算法。
17,奖励(reward)
An amount included in each new block as a reward by the network to the minerwho found the Proof-Of-Work solution. It is currently 12.5BTC per block.
每一个新区块中都有一定量新创造的比特币用来奖励算出工作量证明的矿工。现阶段每一区块12.5比特币的奖励。
18,私钥(secret key)
The secret number that unlocks bitcoins sent to the corresponding address. A secretkey looks like 5J76sF8L5jTtzE96r66Sf8cka9y44wdpJjMwCxR3tzLh3ibVPxh
用来解锁对应(钱包)地址的一串字符,例如5J76sF8L5jTtzE96r66Sf8cka9y44wdpJjMwCxR3tzLh3ibVPxh。
19,交易(transaction)
In simple terms, a transfer of bitcoins from one address to another. More precisely,a transaction is a signed data structure expressing a transfer of value. Transactionsare transmitted over the bitcoin network, collected by miners, and included intoblocks, made permanent on the blockchain.
简单地说,交易指把比特币从一个地址转到另一个地址。更准确地说,一笔“交易”指一个经过签名运算的,表达价值转移的数据结构。每一笔“交易”都经过比特币网络传输,由矿工节点收集并封包至区块中,永久保存在区块链某处。
20,钱包(wallet)
Software that holds all your bitcoin addresses and secret keys. Use it to send, receive,and store your bitcoin.
钱包指保存比特币地址和私钥的软件,可以用它来接受、发送、储存你的比特币。