篇一
Economist关于写作
#观点引入#
Competitiveness in most industries is a matter of degree.
If the competitiveness of markets is a spectrum, research suggests that American business has been moving along it, and not in the right direction.
✏️：先分析竞争在市场是普遍存在但程度不同，进一步分析，在程度不同中美国商业竞争关键在于方向不正确。 if 总结上段分析，并引出观点，承上启下
✏️：用词多样
a matter of + 搭配
a matter of important/debate 、negotiations、discussion/concern/opinion/principle
#数据支持#
A new working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research, by Jan De Loecker of Princeton University and Jan Eeckhout of University College, London, provides some stark evidence. (research)
The authors analyse data on publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2014.
From 1950 to 1980, average mark-ups—that is, what firms charge customers above their cost of production—were relatively low (and flat), at about 18% over cost.
Since 1980, however, mark-up shave risen steadily, to 67% on average.
That translates into growth in the consumer-price level, relative to firms' costs, of about 1% per year
✏️
①前文提出 research，后面摆出具体研究机构、方法及数据来说明，最后总结分析数据
②从时间角度分析数据：总说，分述： from ...to , since...
③数据表达：
❕ 副词 relatively～relative to ，steadily
❕...程度：at about..., to... on average,of about...per year
④evidence： ❶不可数 不可数 不可数；❷stark evidence 鲜明的证据---stark contrast 鲜明对比
形容词+ evidence ：conclusive/inrefutable/convincing/reliable/credible /flimsy/...overwhelming/
提供证据：provide /collect/gather/give/produce
篇二
作文书～Paragraph structure ~sentence——topic supporting conclusive
1:topic：subject and one verb ;topic and controlling idea;main and not specific
✏️topic sentence ：
①a complete sentence
②neither too general nor too specific.
③should not have controlling ideas that are unrelated
2:supporting sentence
✏️ 示例 Red-Light Running
#without Support#
Although some people think that red-light running is a minor traffic violation that is no worse than jaywalking,I it can, in fact, become a deadly crime. Red-light runners cause accidents all the time. Sometimes people are seriously injured and even killed. It is especially a problem in rush hour traffic. Everyone is in a hurry to get home, so drivers run red lights everywhere. The police do not do much about it because they are too busy. The only time they pay attention is when there is an accident, and then it is too late. In conclusion, running a red light is a serious offense.
#with Support#Although some people think red-light running is a minor traffic violation that is no worse than jaywalking, it can, in fact, become a deadly crime. Red-Iight runners cause hundreds of accidents, including deaths and injuries as well as millions of dollars in damages. Each year more than 900 people die, and nearly 200,000 are injured in crashes that involve red-light running. tourists run red lights all the time. for example, in Fairfax, Virginia, a five-month-Iong survey at five busy intersections revealed that a motorist ran a red light every 20 minutes. Red-light runners are seldom caught. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, "Communities don't have the resources to allow police to patrol intersections as often as would be needed to ticket all motorists who run red lights"
support-facts, statistics, examples，and quotations
3:conclusive
✏️
①It signals the end of the paragraph.
② It leaves the reader with the most important ideas to remember.
③ It can do this in two ways:
• By summmizing the main points of the paragraph
• By repeating the topic sentence in different words
In brief, Indeed, In short, to sum up,lastly (not at last ❗️)
