Problem
Given a binary search tree, write a function kthSmallest to find the kth smallest element in it.
Example 1:
Input: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
3
/ \
1 4
\
2
Output: 1
Example 2:
Input: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
5
/ \
3 6
/ \
2 4
/
1
Output: 3
Follow up:
What if the BST is modified (insert/delete operations) often and you need to find the kth smallest frequently? How would you optimize the kthSmallest routine?
Constraints:
- The number of elements of the BST is between
1to10^4. - You may assume
kis always valid,1 ≤ k ≤ BST's total elements.
问题
给定一个二叉搜索树，编写一个函数 kthSmallest 来查找其中第 k 个最小的元素。
说明：
你可以假设 k 总是有效的，1 ≤ k ≤ 二叉搜索树元素个数。
示例 1:
输入: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
3
/ \
1 4
\
2
输出: 1
示例 2:
输入: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
5
/ \
3 6
/ \
2 4
/
1
输出: 3
进阶：
如果二叉搜索树经常被修改（插入/删除操作）并且你需要频繁地查找第 k 小的值，你将如何优化 kthSmallest 函数？
思路
中序遍历
因为 BST 的中序遍历就是升序的，因此只需要中序遍历一下，然后取第 k 个元素就行。
Python3 代码
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def kthSmallest(self, root: TreeNode, k: int) -> int:
# 中序遍历
def inorder(root):
if not root:
return []
return inorder(root.left) + [root.val] + inorder(root.right)
return inorder(root)[k - 1]
