What can and can't be learned from a doctor in China who pioneered masks
从在中国推广口罩的医学先驱身上，我们能吸取哪些经验和教训
In late 1910, a deadly plague started spreading in northeastern China. Tens of thousands of people coughed up blood. They all died.
1910 年末，一场致命的瘟疫开始在中国的东北地区蔓延。数以万计的人出现咳血症状。（最后）他们全部死亡。
This outbreak sent the Qing government into a tailspin: Officials didn't know what illness was causing these deaths, let alone how to control it. So they brought in one of the best trained doctors in Asia at the time, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh.
这场突如其来的瘟疫使清政府陷入慌乱：官员们连这些人死亡的病因都不知道，更别提对疫情加以控制了。所以他们请来了当时全亚洲最训练有素的医生之一——伍连德医生。
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Wu found a bacterium similar to the one that had caused bubonic plague in the West. He recognized Manchuria's plague as a respiratory disease and urged everyone to wear masks.
伍连德（在病患的身上）发现了一种细菌，这种细菌和曾在西方引起腺鼠疫的病菌相似。他判断出东北三省的这场瘟疫是一种呼吸道疾病，并敦促所有人佩戴口罩。
Chinese authorities, heeding his call, coupled masking with stringent lockdowns enforced by the police.*** Four months after the doctor was summoned, the plague ended.
清政府听从了他的请求，并在要求人们戴口罩的同时，还下令让警察执行严格的隔离措施。在伍连德医生被请来四个月后，疫情便结束了。
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Western countries at the time largely viewed China as "the sick man of the East," a country overburdened by disease, opium addiction and an ineffective government. But when Wu stepped in, he had the social and political clout to be a catalyst for change.
当时的西方国家大多把中国视作“东亚病夫”——一个因疾病、鸦片成瘾和政府无能而不堪重负的国家。但是当伍连德医生出面时，他却有足够的社会和政治影响力来促使情况发生改变。
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While the Chinese of that era complied with these strategies, public health professionals in the United States and other Western countries have struggled to get people to listen to them during the COVID-19 pandemic.
即使是清末的中国人，也会服从政府的抗疫策略，然而在新冠肺炎疫情期间，美国和其他西方国家的公共卫生专家却很难让人们听从他们。
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And as many Americans abandon masking, push to restore normality in places where risks of infection remain high and hesitate to get vaccinated, some public health experts have looked to Wu's success, seeking lessons on handling not only COVID, but also future epidemics.***
许多美国人放弃戴口罩，却力图让感染风险仍然很高的地区恢复常态，并且还在犹豫是否要接种疫苗。当这些情况发生时，有些公共卫生专家已经把目光投向了伍连德的成功事迹，以便从中吸取经验教训，他们这样做不仅是为了抗击新冠病毒，也是为了防治未来其他的流行病。
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主编：夏天
品控：Pita
审核：Amy
重点词汇
pioneer
/ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
v. 开创……
相关词汇：pioneer（n. 先锋，带头人）
搭配短语：to pioneer a new industry
deadly
/ˈded.li/
adj. 致命的
词根词缀：dead（adj. 死亡的）
词根词缀：-ly（构成形容词）
近义词：fatal（adj. 致命的）
搭配短语：a deadly weapon
plague
/pleɪɡ/
n. 瘟疫；烦恼
例句：Mosquitoes are a plague for many people.
词性拓展：plague（v. 折磨，烦扰）
例句：Many people are plagued by mosquitoes.
cough up (sth.)
咳出（某物）
outbreak
/ˈaʊt.breɪk/
n.（战争或疾病的）爆发
相关词组：break out（（战争或疾病）爆发）
搭配短语：the outbreak of war
tailspin
/ˈteɪlˌspɪn/
n. 慌乱；失控的状态
相关词汇：tail（n. 尾巴）
相关词汇：spin（n. 快速旋转）
搭配短语：an economic tailspin（混乱的经济形势）
搭配短语：an emotional tailspin（（人）内心的慌乱）
搭配短语：send sb / sth. into a tailspin
respiratory
/ˈres.pə.rə.tɔːr.i/
adj. 呼吸的，与呼吸有关的
相关词汇：respire（v. 呼吸）
英文释义：to breathe
搭配短语：the respiratory system
urge
/ɝːdʒ/
v. 极力劝说，催促
搭配短语：to urge sb. to do sth.
搭配短语：to urge sb. to take action
heed
/hiːd/
v. 听从
英文释义：to listen to and follow
搭配短语：to heed the warnings
couple
/ˈkʌp.əl/
v. 叠加，组合
词性拓展：couple（n. 情侣；一对儿，一双）
近义词：combine（v. 结合）
stringent
/ˈstrɪn.dʒənt/
adj.（法律等）严格的
近义词：strict（adj. 严格的）
词义辨析：stringent, strict
两者的区别在于 stringent 通常要比 strict 的程度更严重。
搭配短语：stringent safety regulations
enforce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/
v. 强制实施（法律等）
搭配短语：to enforce a law, policy, etc.
summon
/ˈsʌm.ən/
v.（权威机构）召唤，叫来；传唤……出庭
overburden
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈbɝː.dən/
v. 使负担过重
相关词汇：burden（n. 重担）
词根词缀：over-（过头）
搭配短语：to be overburdened with work
step in
介入，插手
相关词汇：step（v. 跨步，迈步）
clout
/klaʊt/
n. 权势，影响力；（拳头的）猛击
英文释义：a blow with the fist
近义词：influence, power
catalyst
/ˈkæt̬.əl.ɪst/
n. 事物发展的促进因素；催化剂
comply
/kəmˈplaɪ/
v. 服从，遵守
近义词：obey（v. 服从，遵守）
搭配短语：comply with sth.
近义词：abide（v. 遵守）
搭配短语：to abide by the law
struggle
/ˈstrʌɡ.əl/
v. 吃力地（做某事）；奋斗，努力
搭配短语：struggle to get through the crowd
normality
/nɔːrˈmæl.ə.t̬i/
n. 常态
英文释义：the state of being normal
infection
/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/
n. 感染；传染
相关词汇：infect（v. 让某人感染（疾病））
搭配短语：sb. be infected with…
look to
关注，研究；凝望，注视看向……
英文释义：to direct one's gaze at sth.
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