Day20words
1Gravestone illustration
astonethatshowswhere adeadpersonisburied, usually with thenameand theyearsofbirthanddeathof thatpersonwritten on it墓碑
Illustration---------apicturein abook,magazine, etc. or theprocessofillustratingsomething插图；图解，图示
afull-pageillustration一幅整页的插图
colour/blackandwhiteillustrations彩色／黑白插图
anexamplethatexplainsorprovessomething例证，实例
Thisdelayis aperfectillustrationofwhy we need a newcomputersystem.这次延误再好不过地说明了我们为什么需要新的电脑系统。
Acoupleofexamplesareincluded,by way ofillustration (= to show themeaningmoreclearly).聊举几例，以兹说明。
2hoary cliche
veryoldandfamiliarandthereforenotinterestingorfunny
老掉牙的，老套的
He told a few hoaryoldjokesand nobodylaughed.他讲了几个老掉牙的笑话，没人觉得好笑。
literary(of aperson) veryoldand withwhiteorgreyhair
（人）老的，白发的，头发灰白的
3timing
thetimewhen somethinghappens（某事发生的）时间
"Are we too early?" "No,yourtiming isperfect-dinnerisalmostready."“我们到得是不是太早了？”“不，你们来得正是时候——晚餐就要准备好了。”
Thebombcontaineda timingdeviceset to make it go off atrushhour.炸弹有一个定时装置，预设在交通高峰时间引爆。
[ U ]theabilityto do something atexactlytherighttime掌握时机的能力
To be a goodtennisplayer, you have to havegoodtiming.要成为一个优秀的网球运动员，你必须掌握好击球的时机。
[ U ]theabilitytoplayorsingall thenotesin apieceofmusicat thecorrectspeedandrhythm合节拍的能力，掌握节奏的能力
There are one or twoplaceswhere the timing isn'tquiteright.我的声乐老师说我必须努力提高掌握节奏的能力。
4lockout
anoccasionwhen anemployerpreventsworkersfromenteringtheirplaceofworkuntil theyagreetoparticularconditions:
TheGeneralStrike in 1926 wascausedby the lockoutofcoalminers.
5philharmonic
used in thenamesofmusicalgroups,especiallyorchestras
（尤用于管弦乐队的名称中）爱乐的
the Vienna
Philharmonic Orchestra.维也纳爱乐管弦乐团
6spasm
anoccasionwhen amusclesuddenlybecomestighterin a way that cannot becontrolled抽搐，痉挛
mainlyukMylegsuddenlywent intospasm.我的腿突然抽筋了。
spasm of sth
ashortperiodof something,especiallysomething that cannot becontrolled
（尤指难以控制的）一阵…a spasm ofguilt/coughing/laughing一阵内疚／咳嗽／大笑
7morbidity
the morbidity of adiseaseis how manypeoplehave it in aparticularpopulation:
morbidityrates
morbiditystatistics
thefactof being toointerestedinunpleasantsubjects,especiallydeath:
Sherememberedherdeadbrotherwithout morbidity.
8fixated
unabletostopthinkingabout something
异常依恋的；固恋的
anationfixatedonthe past固恋过去的国家
Hebecamefixatedwithhisbestfriend'swife.回到伦敦后，他开始对挚友的女儿异常思恋。
9demise
sb's demise
the end of something
that waspreviouslyconsideredto bepowerful, such as abusiness,industry, orsystem
倒闭；败落；垮台
The demiseofthecompanywassuddenandunexpected.该公司出人意料地突然倒闭了。
10eloquent
giving aclear,strongmessage雄辩的，有说服力的
She made an
eloquentappealforaction.她发表了富有说服力的演讲，呼吁采取行动。
Thepictureswere an eloquentreminderof thepowerof thevolcano.这些图片清楚有力地展现了火山的巨大威力。
11infographic
apictureordiagramor agroupofpicturesordiagramsshowingorexplaininginformation:
As this
infographicshows, moremoneyis made fromsellingappsthan fromsellingsmartphones.
12factual
using or consisting offacts事实的；真实的
She gave aclear, factualaccountof theattackto thepolice.她如实地清晰陈述了遇袭经过。
13superfluous
more than isneededorwanted过多的，多余的，过剩的
Thereportwasmarredby amassof superfluousdetail.这篇报告坏就坏在里面细枝末节的东西太多。
14bloodlust
enjoymentof beingviolentorwatchingotherpeoplebeingviolent
嗜血，暴力欲
15doom-mongering
Doom-death,destruction, or any verybadsituationthat cannot beavoided
死亡；毁灭；厄运
Asenseof doomhungover theentirecountry.整个国家都笼罩在厄运降临的气氛之中。
Thenewspapersare alwaysfullof doomandgloom(=badnewsand unhappiness)thesedays.如今报纸上总是报道一些不幸的新闻消息。
to make someone or
somethingcertainto do orexperiencesomethingunpleasant, or to make
使注定；使必然发生
infinitive]Are wedoomedtorepeatthemistakesof the past?我们注定要重复过去的错误吗？
Mountingdebtsdoomed thefactorytoclosure.债台高筑使工厂无法逃脱关闭的命运。
Mongering---n.买卖;adj.买卖的;
[例句]War mongering forprofit and power.
战争贩子都是为了利益和权力。
16autopsy
thecuttingopenandexaminationof adeadbodyinordertodiscoverthecauseofdeath尸体解剖；验尸
Theycarriedout/performedan autopsy.他们进行了尸检。
Thebodyarrivedfor autopsy at the Dallashospital.尸体被运到达拉斯医院进行解剖。
17commentator
areporterforradioortelevisionwhoprovidesaspokendescriptionof andremarkson anevent,especiallyasportscompetition, as ithappens
（广播或电视的）解说员，评论员
aradiocommentator广播解说员
asports/footballcommentator.体育节目／足球解说员
18chamber
aroomused for aspecialorofficialpurpose, or agroupofpeoplewhoform(partof) aparliament
（用于特定用途或官方用途的）房间，室，厅；议院
Meetings of thecouncilareheldin thecouncilchamber.委员会的会议在会议厅举行。
atorturechamber刑讯室
There are two chambers in the Britishparliament- the House of Commons is thelowerchamber, and the House of Lords is theupperchamber.英国议会有两院——众议院是下议院，贵族院是上议院。
[ plural ]a judge'sprivateoffice. Ajudgemay havelegaldiscussionswithlawyersinprivatein his or her chambers.
（法官的）议事室
in chambersuk specialized
If atrialis in chambers, ithappensin acourtroomwithout thepublic,newspaperreporters, etc. being there.
进行（无公众和记者参加的）不公开审理的
old usearoomin ahouse,especiallyabedroom
房间；（尤指）卧室
specializedanatomy, biology, engineeringaclosedspacein amachine,plant, orbody
（机器、植物或动物的）腔，膛，室
Thehumanhearthas four chambers.人的心脏有4个心室。
19ensemble
agroupof things orpeopleactingor taken together as awhole,especiallyagroupofmusicianswho regularlyplaytogether
全体，整体；剧团；（尤指）乐团
The Mozart Ensemble
is/areplayingat Carnegie Halltonight.莫扎特乐团今晚要在威格莫尔厅演出。
Sheboughtadressandmatchinghat,gloves, andshoes- infactthewholeensemble.她买了一件连衣裙，还有与之配套的帽子、手套和鞋子——实际上是全都配齐了。
20purportedly comatose
topretendto be or to do something,especiallyin a way that is noteasytobelieve:
They purporttorepresentthewishesof themajorityofparentsat theschool.
Thestudypurportstoshow anincreasein theincidenceof thedisease.
Thetaperecordingpurportstobe of aconversationbetween theprincessand asecretadmirer.
据称;
[例句]He was given a letterpurportedlysigned by the PrimeMinister.
他得到了一封据称有首相签名的信。
Comatose--in acoma
informalverytiredor in adeepsleepbecause ofextremetiredness, hardwork, or too muchalcohol:
BymidnightI wasvirtuallycomatose.
昏迷的;昏昏沉沉的;不省人事的;昏昏欲睡的;
[例句]The right side of my brain had been so
severely bruised that I wascomatosefor amonth.
由于右脑遭受重创，我昏迷了一个月
补充词汇21Slate
Slate，美国<石板>杂志，杂志名称，一个政治文化评论杂志。Slate Magazine抨击性杂志/周刊
Slateis an onlineliberal /
progressive[2][3][4][5]magazine that coverscurrent affairs, politics and culture in the United States.
22obituary
areport,especiallyin anewspaper, that gives thenewsof someone'sdeathanddetailsabouttheirlife
23compelling
If areason,argument, etc. is compelling, it makes youbelieveit oracceptit
because it is sostrong.（理由、论证等）令人信服的，很有说服力的
compellingevidence强有力的证据
It's afairlycompellingargumentfor going.去的理由很有说服力。
veryexcitingandinterestingand making youwanttowatchorlisten
引人入胜的；激动人心的；扣人心弦的
Ifoundthewholefilmvery compelling.我觉得整部影片都很引人入胜。
a compellingstory扣人心弦的故事
24contempt
astrongfeelingofdislikingand having norespectfor someone or something蔑视；鄙视；轻视；轻蔑
Atschoolshe hadcompletecontemptforall
herteachers.在学校读书时她对所有老师都不屑一顾。
You shouldtreatthoseremarkswiththe contempt that theydeserve.你理应对那些话不屑一顾。
She'sbeneathcontempt(= I
have norespectfor
her)!她为人所不齿！
holdsb/sthin contempt
tofeelcontempt
for someone or something对…不屑一顾
lawbehaviourthat isillegalbecause it does notobeyorrespecttherulesof alawcourt藐视法庭（罪）
Thetobaccocompaniesmay beguiltyof contempt ofcourtforrefusingtoproducethedocuments.烟草公司可能会因为拒不出示文件而被判藐视法庭罪
25barb
thesharppartthatpointsbackwardsfrom afishhook(=curvedpieceofwire)orarrow, making it hard toremoveit
from something（鱼钩或箭头的）倒钩，倒刺
25barbnoun[C]
UK/bɑːb/US/bɑːrb/
thesharppartthatpointsbackwardsfrom afishhook(=curvedpieceofwire)orarrow, making it hard toremoveit
from something
（鱼钩或箭头的）倒钩，倒刺
aremarkthat
Itriedtoignoretheirbarbs about my newjacket.我努力不去理会他们针对我的新夹克说的那些连讽带刺的话。
26jeremiads
alonglistofcomplaintsorproblems:
Thecriticdeliversregularjeremiads against thecontemporaryartworld.
27aberration
ofbehaving
（暂时的）脱离常规，反常现象，异常行为
In amomentofaberration, sheagreedto go with him.她一时反常，竟然答应跟他一起去了。
I'msorryI'm late - I had amentalaberration andforgotwe had ameetingtoday.对不起，我迟到了。我一时糊涂，竟忘了今天有会。
28agitatorsfor Beethoven and Brahms
disapprovingsomeone whotriesto
makepeopletakepartinprotestsandpoliticalactivities,especiallyonesthatcausetrouble（抗议或政治波动中的）煽动者，策动者
It isthoughtthat thestrikewas theworkofundercoverpoliticalagitators.人们认为罢工背后有秘密政治势力在煽风点火。
29 It is not aprofession for theapathetic.
showingnointerestorenergyandunwillingto takeaction,especiallyover somethingimportant无兴趣的；懈怠的；（尤指对重要事情）漠不关心的，无动于衷的
Youngpeopletoday are so apatheticaboutpolitics.现在的年轻人太不关心政治。
Don't be so apathetic - how are you going
to get ajobif you don'tevenstartlooking?别那么吊儿郎当的，连求职信都不写，你怎么能找到工作？
30the days ofaristocraticpatronage
aclassofpeoplewhoholdhighsocialrank:
membersof the aristocracy
thesupportgiven to anorganizationby someone赞助，资助
Thecharityenjoysthe patronage of manyprominentlocalbusinesspeople.
mainlydisapprovingthepowerof apersonto
give someone animportantjoborposition任命权
Patronage is apotentforceif usedpolitically.任命权用在政治上会成为一种强大的力量。
thebusinessgiven to ashoporrestaurant, etc. byitscustomers惠顾，光顾
We would like tothankall ofourcustomersfortheirpatronage in the past.我们要感谢所有顾客过去的惠顾。
31pretentioussnobstryingtoappearorsoundmoreimportantorcleverthan
you are,especiallyinmattersofartandliterature
（尤指在文学艺术方面）炫耀的，矫饰的，自以为是的
a pretentiousartcritic自以为是的艺术评论家
Thenoveldealswithgrandthemes, but is neverheavyor pretentious.这部小说探讨的是重大主题，但它决不沉闷也不矫饰。
apersonwhorespectsandlikesonlypeoplewho
are of a highsocialclass, and/or apersonwho
hasextremelyhighstandardswho is notsatisfiedby the things thatordinarypeoplelike
势利小人，势利眼；爱虚荣的人
He's aterriblesnob - if you haven't been to therightschoolheprobablywon'tevenspeakto you.他是个十足的势利眼——如果你没上过名牌学校，他也许一句话都不跟你说。
I'm abitof awinesnob/a snob wherewineisconcerned.我想我对葡萄酒有点挑剔。
32ascendantsuperpower
in the ascendant
increasinglysuccessfulorpowerful飞黄腾达；步步高升；日益受欢迎；占有优势
He's very much in the ascendant inHollywood.他在好莱坞的事业蒸蒸日上。
acountrythat has verygreatpoliticalandmilitarypower超级大国
Since the disintegration of the USSR,
there has been only one superpower - the US自从苏联解体后，世界上就只剩下了一个超级大国——美国
33culturalprowess.
杰出的才能；高超的技能
athletic/sportingprowess高超的运动／体育技能
He's alwaysboastingabout hissexualprowess.他总是吹嘘自己的性爱技巧如何高超。
34benchmarkfor success
alevelofqualitythat can be used as astandardwhencomparingother things
基准（点）
Heroutstandingperformancessetanewbenchmark forsingersthroughouttheworld.她的精彩表演为全世界歌手树立了新典范。
35cursoryglanceat industry reports
quickandprobablynotdetailed仓促的；草草的；粗略的
a cursoryexamination粗略的检查
36it’s anichemarket,
ajoborpositionthat is verysuitablefor someone,especiallyone that they like
（尤指本人合意的）适合的工作（或职位）；称心的工作
He hascarved/madea niche for himself as afinancialadvisor.劳埃德成为职业网球运动员，为自己找到了合适的发展方向。
anareaorpositionthat isexactlysuitablefor asmallgroupof
the sametype
合宜的小环境
anecologicalniche.生态龛
ahollowin awall,especiallyone made to put astatue(=artisticobject)in
so that it can beseen（尤指用来放置塑像的）壁龛
37Thedoomsayersn.凶事预示者
But the pessimistsand doomsayers who say that the world can't get better
但是那些说这个世界不能变得更好的悲观主义者和末日预言者们
38vibrantin theface of an American media culture
energetic,exciting, andfullofenthusiasm活跃的；精力充沛的；热情洋溢的
a vibrantyoungperformer充满朝气的年轻演员
a vibrantpersonality活泼的个性
a vibrantcity充满活力的城市
Thehopeis that thisareawilldevelopinto a vibrantcommercialcentre.希望这个地区会发展成为一个活跃的商业中心。
Vibrantcolourorlightisbrightandstrong.（色彩）鲜艳的；（光线）明亮的
He always uses vibrantcoloursin hispaintings.他在画中经常运用鲜艳的色彩。
39marginalizeit.
totreatsomeone
or something as if they are notimportant使边缘化；忽视；排斥
Now thatEnglishhas taken over as themainlanguage, the country'snativelanguagehas been marginalized.由于英语已成为主要语言，这个国家的本国语言倒被边缘化了。
40Theclassical-musicdeclinists衰落
Uncanny--strangeormysterious;difficultorimpossibletoexplain
奇怪的；神秘的；难以（或无法）解释的
an uncannyresemblance神秘的相似性
41unveiled
toremoveacoveringlike acurtainfrom a newstructureat aformalceremonyinorderto
show theopeningorfinishingof a newbuildingorworkofart为…揭幕
Thememorialto
those who haddiedin
thewarwas unveiled by the Queen.缅怀战争死难者的纪念碑于1948年由女王揭幕。
If
you unveil something new, you show it or make itknownfor
the firsttime.（首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公诸于众
atestversionofitsnewsearchengine.
42excerptsfrom European
（演讲、书、电影等的）摘录，节录，片断
An excerptfromher newthrillerwillappearin this weekend'smagazine.本周末出版的杂志将选登她的最新惊险小说片断。
43oratorios,
apieceofmusicfororchestraandsingersthattellsastory, usually on areligioussubject, withoutacting
（通常以宗教题材为主题的）神剧，清唱剧
44rousing“Hallelujah” chorus.
makingpeoplefeelexcitedandproudorreadyto
takeaction
激动人心的，鼓舞人心的；激励人（行动）的
Wesanga last rousingchorusof thenationalanthem.我们一起合唱国歌中激动人心的最后一节。
Shedelivereda rousingspeechfullofangerandpassion.她发表了义愤填膺、慷慨激昂的演讲。
