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Spring Cloud Feign 之Fallback
环境信息: java 1.8、Spring boot 1.5.10.RELEASE、spring cloud-Edgware.SR3、maven 3.3+
在网络请求时，可能会出现异常请求，如果还想再异常情况下使系统可用，那么就需要容错处理，比如:网络请求超时时给用户提示“稍后重试”或使用本地快照数据等等。
Spring Cloud Feign就是通过Fallback实现的，有两种方式：
1、@FeignClient.fallback = UserFeignFallback.class指定一个实现Feign接口的实现类。
2、@FeignClient.fallbackFactory = UserFeignFactory.class指定一个实现FallbackFactory<T>工厂接口类
因为Fallback是通过Hystrix实现的， 所以需要开启Hystrix，spring boot application.properties文件配置feign.hystrix.enabled=true，这样就开启了Fallback
Fallback-实现Feign接口
UserFeignFallback回调实现，由spring创建使用@Component(其他的注册也可以)注解
HystrixTargeter.targetWithFallback方法实现了@FeignClient.fallback处理逻辑，通过源码可以知道UserFeignFallback回调类是从Spring容器中获取的，所以UserFeignFallback由spring创建。
UserFeign配置:
package com.example.feign;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient(name = "user",url = "${user.url}",fallback = UserFeignFallback.class
/*fallbackFactory = UserFeignFactory.class*/)
public interface UserFeign {
@PostMapping
void save(User user);
@GetMapping("/{id}")
User getUserByID(@PathVariable("id") String id);
@GetMapping
List<User> findAll();
}
UserFeignFallback类：
package com.example.feign;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class UserFeignFallback implements UserFeign {
@Override
public void save(User user) {
}
@Override
public User getUserByID(String id) {
User user = new User();
user.setId("100");
user.setName("fallback 回调用户");
return user;
}
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
return null;
}
}
为了模拟回调失败服务提供方，抛出500错误。
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User getUserByID(@PathVariable("id") String id) {
// return userMap.get(id);
throw new RuntimeException("服务端测试异常！");
}
运行单元测试UserFeignTest.getUserByID控制台输出结果:
2018-08-18 11:47:59.800 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] ---> GET http://localhost:8080/user/1 HTTP/1.1
2018-08-18 11:47:59.800 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] <--- HTTP/1.1 500 (27ms)
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] connection: close
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] date: Sat, 18 Aug 2018 03:47:59 GMT
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] transfer-encoding: chunked
2018-08-18 11:47:59.828 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID]
2018-08-18 11:47:59.829 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] {"timestamp":1534564079825,"status":500,"error":"Internal Server Error","exception":"java.lang.RuntimeException","message":"服务端测试异常！","path":"/user/1"}
2018-08-18 11:47:59.829 INFO 8660 --- [ hystrix-user-1] com.example.feign.UserFeign : [UserFeign#getUserByID] <--- END HTTP (167-byte body)
User{id='100', name='fallback 回调用户'}
服务提供方抛出的500错误代码，但是客户端程序还可以正常运行输出了UserFeignFallback.getUserByID方法返回的结果。
FallbackFactory<T>工厂
上面的实现方式简单，但是获取不到HTTP请求错误状态码和信息 ，这时就可以使用工厂模式来实现Fallback
同样工厂实现类也要交由spring管理，同时结合UserFeignFallback使用，这里需要注意的create方法返回值类型一定要实现Feign接口，否则会报错。
UserFeignFactory只做了打印异常处理：
package com.example.feign;
import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class UserFeignFactory implements FallbackFactory<UserFeign> {
private final UserFeignFallback userFeignFallback;
public UserFeignFactory(UserFeignFallback userFeignFallback) {
this.userFeignFallback = userFeignFallback;
}
@Override
public UserFeign create(Throwable cause) {
//打印下异常
cause.printStackTrace();
return userFeignFallback;
}
}
UserFeign:
package com.example.feign;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient(name = "user", url = "${user.url}",
/*fallback = UserFeignFallback.class*/
fallbackFactory = UserFeignFactory.class)
public interface UserFeign {
@PostMapping
void save(User user);
@GetMapping("/{id}")
User getUserByID(@PathVariable("id") String id);
@GetMapping
List<User> findAll();
}
运行单元测试UserFeignTest.getUserByID可以看到控制台打印的异常feign.FeignException更多信息省略。
ErrorDecoder接口处理请求错误信息，默认实现ErrorDecoder.Default抛出FeignException异常
FeignException.status方法返回HTTP状态码，FallbackFactory.create默认情况下可以强制转换成FeignException异常这样就可以获取到HTTP状态码了。
自定义ErrorDecoder
第一种:application.properties
全局配置,通过application.properties配置文件
feign.client.default-config=my-config
feign.client.config.my-config.error-decoder=com.example.feign.MyErrorDecoder
错误解码实现类MyErrorDecoder
package com.example.feign;
import feign.Response;
import feign.codec.ErrorDecoder;
public class MyErrorDecoder implements ErrorDecoder {
@Override
public Exception decode(String methodKey, Response response) {
return new MyFeignException(methodKey,response);
}
}
自定义异常MyFeignException
package com.example.feign;
import feign.Response;
public class MyFeignException extends RuntimeException {
private final String methodKey;
private Response response;
MyFeignException(String methodKey, Response response) {
this.methodKey = methodKey;
this.response = response;
}
public Response getResponse() {
return response;
}
public String getMethodKey() {
return methodKey;
}
}
第二种:@EnableFeignClients
全局配置,@EnableFeignClients.defaultConfiguration注解
package com.example;
import com.example.feign.FeignClientsConfig;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* 启动类
*
* @author: sunshaoping
* @date: Create by in 上午10:47 2018/8/7
*/
@EnableFeignClients(
defaultConfiguration = FeignClientsConfig.class
)
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
第三种:@FeignClient
作用范围是Feign接口,优先级要高于上面两种，@FeignClient.configuration 注解
package com.example.feign;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import java.util.List;
@FeignClient(name = "user", url = "${user.url}",
/*fallback = UserFeignFallback.class*/
decode404 = true,
fallbackFactory = UserFeignFactory.class,
configuration = FeignClientsConfig.class
)
public interface UserFeign {
@PostMapping
void save(User user);
@GetMapping("/{id}")
User getUserByID(@PathVariable("id") String id);
@GetMapping
List<User> findAll();
}
总结
本章节讲了如下内容
Spring Cloud Feign HTTP请求异常Fallback容错机制，它是基于Hystrix实现的，所以要通过配置参数feign.hystrix.enabled=true开启该功能，及其两种实现方式。
Fallback工厂方式引出了ErrorDecoder错误解码自定义处理，有三种方式，可根据实际请求选择，举一反三其他自定义配置也可以通过这种方式实现如：Decoder、Encoder、Logger(第二、三章有介绍)。
如果开启的
Hystrix就不要用feign的超时配置了,单位是毫秒feign.client.config.defalut.connect-timeout=10000
defalut是默认配置名称，可以使用feign.client.default-config替换自定义名称feign.client.default-config=my-config feign.client.config.my-config.connect-timeout=10000请使用如下属性配置超时时间，单位毫秒
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=20000
样例地址 spring-cloud-feign 分支 Spring-Cloud-Feign-之fallback
写在最后
Spring Cloud Feign 系列持续更新中。。。。。欢迎关注
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