高三阅读（分类）
老师叮咛：任何一篇文章都有它的主题，破解任何一篇文章都离不开读懂主题！因此，学会抓住全文主题，至关重要！本文也将通过将英语文章试题分类来展现准确判断出主题的方法，让大家通过了解当我们抓住文章主题后，掌握能做对一篇文章的大部分题的方法技巧。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！学会正确完成文章主旨题，读懂文章。
把握主旨对于排除干扰项起着怎样的作用呢？阅读考点首先要包括主信息核心，即主题或与主题紧密相关的内容，这是必要考点；其次考对信息核心起辅助作用的因素，这通常是关键考点或有关考点；除此之外则属于应当避免设题的无关考点。也就是说，正确选项应该都是和文章主旨紧密相关或支撑主旨（或分主旨）的内容。通过研究历年高考真题不难发现，实践中出题者总是遵循这一原则和方法。因此，和主旨（或分主旨）无关的内容通常不是正确选项，应当排除。
答题时把握主旨就相当于驾驶时把握好了方向盘，方向控制好了，就可以少走很多弯路，顺利且迅速到达目的地。
为什么这么说呢？有个成语叫“有的放矢”，意思是放箭要对准靶子，比喻说话做事有针对性。“看题目”就是找靶子；“读文章”就是瞄靶子；“确定正确选项”就是放箭。先确定靶子的大概方向和位置才能更快地瞄准并击中它。先浏览题目才能有针对性地阅读并快速确定答案。这种方法用在解答应用文类型的阅读理解上可以节省更多的时间。因为阅读理解测试不仅考查受试者的精读能力，还考查略读和跳读能力，而通常情况下，应用文是考查略读和跳读能力的。以下面两篇真题文章为例，我们要知道考试时我们应当如何阅读！
例：（2013新课标全国卷I D篇）
The National Gallery Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built ...
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses ...
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm ...
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
70. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery？
A. Embankment. B. Leicester Square.
C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Charing Cross.
本文是英国伦敦国家美术馆的游客指南。
文章包括四个部分：简要描述、陈列布局、开放时间、交通路线。选文将前三个部分的大部分内容省略。
通过浏览题目不难发现，本题考查去国家美术馆的交通路线。通过浏览文章的小标题可知，Getting There部分是关于交通路线的介绍。此时，我们可以跳过前三个部分直接从最后一部分中寻找答案。因为从Charing Cross步行到国家美术馆的时间最短，只有两分钟，所以D项正确。
通过先看题目再有针对性地阅读，结合略读和跳读的阅读方法，可以不必精读全文就能迅速找到答案。宏观层次的题目例外。例如，主旨大意题、标题归纳题、文章出处题、写作目的题等。这些题目是建立在文章全部内容上的，通常放在最后或最前面；但是，解答这些题目的明显依据不见得在文章最后或开头，有可能在文章中间部分。
知道了这一点，我们在答题的时候就要避免做每一道题都盲目地从头到尾找线索。通常的做法应该是：在上一道题的答案线索下面找本道题的答案线索。
例：（2013新课标全国卷ⅡC篇）
Given that many people’s moods are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine ...
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony...
The CRF’s produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular ... And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.
[if !supportLists]44. [endif]What is good about chocolate？
A. It serves as a suitable gift.
B. It works as an effective medicine.
C. It helps improve the state of mind.
D. It strengthens business relations.
45. Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF？
A. He knows the importance of research.
B. He learns from shops of similar types.
C. He has the support of many big names.
D. He has a lot of marketing experience.
46. Which line of the CRF produce sells best？
A. The Connoisseur Series.
B. The Exotic Series.
C. The Alcohol Series.
D. The Sichuan Series.
47. The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _____.
A. are particular about chocolate
B. know little about cocoa beans
C. look down upon others
D. like to try new flavors
本文是说明文。文章介绍了新加坡的CRF巧克力工厂。选文省略了第一段和第三段中的部分内容。四道题的答案依次是：CDCA。我们来看看每道题的答案线索分布在什么位置。
第44题的答案线索在第一段首句。第45题的答案线索在第二段。第46题的答案线索在第三段首句。第47题的答案线索在文章最后一句。由此可见，四道题目的答案线索在文中按先后顺序出现。因此，每做完一道题后通常应从答案线索后面的文字中寻找下一道题的答案线索。综上所述，把握主旨就能控制好方向，提高准确率；掌握做题技巧就能提高速度，节约时间。而把握主旨比掌握技巧更重要，因为方向错了，速度再快，也只能是南辕北辙，背道而驰。
（注意：此处文章我只给出每段首句加末段尾句，目的是告诉大家做主旨题应该在哪里找解答题目的答案出处噢！）
标题类的主旨大意题主要提问方式：
1.The best title for the passage might be…
2.The best title for the passage would be…
3.Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage？
解题tips:Pay attention to a sentence to tell the reader the structure of a paragraph! Generally speaking, there are three different types of sentences in a paragraph written in the form of an argumentation :
1.Topic sentence（主题句）
2.Supporting sentence（扩展句/阐述句）
3.Concluding sentence（结论句/结尾句）
Topic sentence:
Technology is making people lazy. Now when doing laundry, we switch on the washing machine instead of using our hands. We move on wheels Supporting sentences instead of on foot. To calculate, we use the electronic calculator instead of our brains or abacus. Before the invention of TV, people walked miles in order to see a movie. But now we lie in bed enjoying TV programs right at home, showing no interest in the theater. Washing machines, cars, TV and some other modern inventions are keeping us away from exercise.
Concluding sentence:
1.Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness) --- cancer, cigarette smoking can also cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it？
2.Often no one looks more guiltier than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.
3.Every bride wants her wedding to be the most wonderful day of her life. But perfect weddings require careful planning , whether the bride and bridegroom are planning a traditional wedding or just a registry office ceremony. Paying for the wedding, which is always a problem, will partly decide the choice.
Tom studied for four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
Different types of paragraph structures type,the position of the topic sentence______.
A. At the beginning of a paragraph
B.At the end of a paragraph
C.In the middle of a paragraph
D.No clear topic sentence
Conclusion 1:
How can we get the main idea of a paragraph？
(1) We can get the main idea of a paragraph by finding the topic sentence,which may appear at the beginning of in the middle of or at the end of a paragraph .
(2) If we can’t find a topic sentence from the paragraph, we’ll have to generalize（归纳）the main idea from the whole paragraph ourselves.
Please circle the main idea of the whole passage and try to find each supporting paragraph. The topic sentence just like the main idea of learning to swim. It takes time and effort but this is rewarded in many ways when one can swim. The fact is that it is a very good form of exercise. Doctors are strongly in favor of it because topic sentence in swimming all the muscles of the body are used. In addition, swimming gives great pleasure. How nice it is, on a hot dusty day in summer, to take off one’s clothes, put on one’s bathing suit and plunge into the cool water of the sea, and to swim in and float until one is tired.Moreover,swimming may sometimes mean all the difference between life and death. We never know when we may be in danger from water. We go on a voyage, and the ship is wrecked, or we slip as we are walking along the bank of a river and fall in into the water. If we can swim the chances are that we can save our lives, but if we cannot swim, we are pretty certain to be drowned.Last but not least, if we can swim, we may be able to save other people from drowning. How fine it is to be able to save another’s life but how sad to see a friend drowning before our eyes, when we cannot help him because we cannot swim.
小试牛刀
A sense of humor, god’s greatest gift to mankind, is universally considered the most valuable personality. It is born within every person’s heart, but has to be cultivated. A person without humor is just like a spring without flowers, or like a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor.
Humor can improve physical as well as mental well-being（健康）. It helps us bear our burdens, lessen our tension, overcome our frustration. With a piece of joke, all our worries and sadness disappear like smoke, and we are full of vigor once again. Humor helps us live in harmony with others. It is unavoidable to have misunderstanding and tension with others during work and study. But humor can ease these problems quicker than angry words or quarrels. With it you can always keep on good terms with others.
A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives fun and zest（乐趣）to life to make it worth living.
What is probably the best title for this passage ？
A. Humor is born within everyone’s heart.
B. It is important to have a sense of humor.
C. Humor helps us live in harmony with others .
D. Humor can improve physical as well as mental well-being .
答案：B
解析：本文首段首句为Topic sentence，后面每句都在解释这句话（判断依据）。
Conclusion:
How to get the main idea of a passage (an argumentation)？
1）To get the main idea of a passage, we should pay more attention to the structure of a passage.
2）Sometimes, we can get the main idea of an argumentation by finding the topic sentence .
3） But in many cases, if we can’t find the topic sentence, we may have to generalize the main idea from all the details of the passage ourselves.
Tip 1: Avoid being taken in by some partially discussed facts, ideas or arguments;
Tip 2:Generalizing（归纳）from all the facts, ideas, or arguments.
以下题目供大家练习不同类别的文章，针对不同的文章如何抓住题目是关键噢！
（一）体育类
The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.
During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.
In the 1950’s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sports men began to take part in the White Olympics.
Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics _______.
A. are the same thing B. are different games
C. are not held in winter D. are held in summer
2. The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world games _______.
A. after the year 1936 B. after the 3rd White Olympics
C. before the 3rd White Olympics D. before the year 1932
3. The Winter Olympics is held once_______.
A. every two years B. every three years
C. every four years D. every five years
4. Which of the following is true？
A. Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
B. Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
C. All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
D. Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those Games
5. What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics？
A. Basketball. B. Table tennis. C. Football. D. Skating.
Once a group of 17-year-old schoolboys decided to break the world basketball marathon record. They wanted to play for ninety hours and that is to add six hours to the record. Each team had nine players, with five at a time. The boys decided each person would play 21. 5 hours and then rest for 2 hours. Then they started at 6 o’clock in the evening.
The first night was very hard for the players. When it was their turn to rest, they were too excited to fall asleep at once.
After sleeping for a short time, they had to play again. On the second night, they fell asleep as soon as they stopped. Some of them had trouble with their feet and hands, but the only serious problem was a psychological one. Each boy was thinking:why am I doing this? How can I play any longer? After the third night, the players knew they could finish the ninety hours. The basketball on the fourth night was very slow. But in the final hours, the players got better. For the last few minutes, the players looked as fresh as when they started. How happy everyone was！
1. In the story, there were _______ schoolboys playing basketball marathon.
A. 9 B. 14 C. 17 D. 18
2. Before this basketball marathon, the world record was _______ .
A. 84 hours B. 86 hours C. 90 hours D. 96 hours
3. The first night was hard for the players to fall asleep because _______ .
A. they were too excited B. they only slept for a short time
C. no one watched them play D. it was very long
4. “the players looked as fresh as when they started” here “fresh” means _______.
A. 新鲜的 B. 兴奋不已的 C. 精神饱满的 D. 伤痕累累的
5. Which of the following sentences is wrong？
A. Some of the boys were hurt when they played.
B. It was hard for the players to fall asleep at night.
C. The boys started playing at 6 o’clock in the evening.
D. In the end, all the boys felt happy.
（二）文化类
Every people use its own special word to show its ideas and feelings. Some of these expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is “Where’s the beef？” It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be. In the early 1980s “Where’s the beef？” was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone using it at the time.
Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow, and food is more popular in America than a hamburger made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Ray called this “McDonald’s”. Ray became one of the richest businessmen at last in America.
Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburger restaurants. One company called “Wendy’s” said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald’s or anyone else. The Wendy’s Company began to use the expression “Where’s the beef？” to make people know that Wendy’s hamburgers were the biggest. The Wendy’s television advertisement showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a bit of meat. One of the women said she would not eat a hamburger with such a little piece of beef. “Where’s the beef？” she shouted in a funny way. The advertisement for Wendy’s hamburger restaurants was success. As we said, it seemed everyone began using the expression “Where’s the beef？”.
1. _______ started McDonald’s restaurant.
A. Ray B. McDonald C. Wendy D. Three old women
2. Other people wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought _______.
A. they could sell hamburgers at a low price
B. hamburgers were easy to make
C. beef was very popular in America
D. they could make a lot of money
3. Wendy’s made the expression known to everybody _______.
A. with many old women eating hamburgers
B. by a television advertisement
C. while selling bread with a bit of meat in it
D. at the McDonald’s restaurant
4. We can learn from the passage that the expression “Where’s the beef？”means _______.
A. The beef in hamburgers is not as much as it is said to be
B. The hamburgers are not as good as they are said to be
C. It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be
D. Wendy’s is the biggest
The yearly Academy Awards ceremony was once a private affair. Now, because of television, it is very much a public affair. Hundreds of people gather in Hollywood to see the Oscars presented to outstanding actors, and others involved in the motion picture industry. Millions more watch on television.
It all began on May 16, 1929, when 270 men and women sat down to dinner at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. There was no secret about the winners. The names of the winners had been known for months. Janet Gaynor, for example, had won as Best Actress. Douglas Fairbanks presented her with the famous gold statue. The little statue was not then called Oscar. Like a new actor, Oscar was unknown. About six years later, it somehow got that renowned name. A number of explanations have been offered for its origin, but nobody knows the true story for certain.
Nowadays the results of the Oscar voting are kept secret. Only two people know the winners before the names are announced at the ceremony. The counting of votes is not done by one group of people but by different groups. Nobody except two members of an accounting company sees the final results.
The information is not kept in open files. Winners’ names are placed in closed envelopes. The accountants each carry a complete set of envelopes to the ceremony. One set is simply a spare to be used in case something happens to the other one.
1. As used in Paragraph 2, renowned means _______.
A. strange B. wonderful C. much-disliked D. famous
2. May 16, 1929 marks _______.
A. Douglas Fairbanks’ first winning of an Academy Award
B. the first time Oscar got its name
C. the first time the Awards were kept secret
D. Janet Gaynor’s recognition as Best Actress
3. Two sets of envelopes are prepared for the ceremony _______.
A. one for New York, one for Hollywood
B. in order to be perfectly safe
C. one for the ceremony, one for the newspapers
D. just because that is the custom
（三）生活类
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal, rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw（生的）or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.
The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1. According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch？
A. chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages
B. potatoes, carrots, rice, bread
C. oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes
D. beef, pork, fish, milk
2. It is important for people to eat _______.
A. three times a day
B. dinner at twelve o’clock
C. cooked food all the day
D. something from each of the seven kinds of food every day
3. People in different countries and different places of the world _______.
A. has the right kinds of food to eat
B. cooks their food in the same way
C. has their meals at the same time
D. eat food in different ways
4. Which of the following is NOT true？
A. People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B. There are too many people in the world.
C. One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D. The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.
5. If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about？
A. When people eat their lunch
B. What to do with the two problems
C. How to cook food in different ways
D. Why people eat different kinds of food
Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world’s population is left-handed.
Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones？ Scientists now know that a person’s two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person’s hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.
No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn’t happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene for right-handedness, he/she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.
Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don’t have to.
1. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found _______.
A. the art began from 1,500 B.C.
B. the works of art ended in the 1950s
C. most people shown in the works of art are right-handed
D. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed
2. How many people in the world are left-handed now？
A. Less than one sixth. B. More than a half.
C. About 40%. D. The passage doesn’t tell us.
3. What is the hand for most people used to do？
A. It’s used to find or hold things.
B. It’s used to work with things.
C. It’s used to make a person’s eyes work together.
D. It’s the centre for thinking and doing problems.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true？
A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.
B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.
C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.
D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.
5. The best title for this passage is _______.
A. Scientists’ New Inventions B. Left-handed People
C. Which Hand D. Different Brains, Different Hands
If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it！”
That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see them better.
Your eyes can tell you that glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the glass is.
When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it.
With your skin, you can feel better. For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too.
You can even feel sounds against your skin. Have you ever wanted to know why some people like very loud music？ They must like to feel the sounds of music.
All children soon learn what “Don’t touch！” means. They hear it often. Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up. In shops, we touch things we might buy, such as food, clothes and so on. To see something well, we have to touch it.
The bottoms of our feet can feel things, too. You know this when you walk on warm sand, cool grass or a bad floor. All feel different under your feet.
There are ways of learning to see well by feeling.
One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You are too used to them!
Most museums are just for looking. But today some museums have some things to touch. Their signs say, “Do touch! There you can feel everything on show. If you want to see better, reach out and touch. Then you’ll really see! ”
1. By touching things _______.
A. you will have a strange feeling
B. you will learn how to reach out
C. you can tell the difference between them
D. you can tell what colors they are
2. Which of the following can be the best title of the story？
A. Touching by Feeling B. To See or to Feel
C. To See Better — Feel D. Ways of Feeling
3. When people buy things in shops, they often _______.
A. try them on first B. put their right hand on them
C. just has a look D. feel and touch them
4. Why does it say, “At first, it is not easy to feel these things？”
A. The things are used by people, too.
B. People are used to the things.
C. People know how to use the things.
D. The things are easy to feel.
5. Which of the following is true？
A. Touching can help people learn things better.
B. Our feet, fingers, hands and skin can help us enjoy music.
C. People have to learn to see by feeling as they grow up.
D. Visitors cannot feel the things on show in some museums.
When you buy a T-shirt, or a fur coat in a store, it often carries a label telling who made it or from what store it was bought. Indeed, some labels show the dress is famous and it is very expensive, so buyers secretly wish they might be carried forever. On the other hand, buyers who deal with the cheapest products would be pleased to do away with labels entirely.
However, There is another label more important than the one showing from which store the dress was bought. When a person buys a fur coat, or a jacket, from a store, a label telling what the product is made of should be carried to it.
This label is required by law. Besides telling what the product on show is made of, the label should be in clear English and be where one can find it easily. The information on the label must be the truth.
The reason for this label is that most buyers today aren’t expert enough to know exactly what kind of fur or material they are buying. The buyer must believe in the store that sells the products or in what the labels say.
1. The law requires that furs carry a _______.
A. clean label B. clear label
C. white label D. secret label
2. In the article, the author says a little about _______.
A. black-market furs B. managers’ office
C. chemical laboratories D. clothing stores
3. This article mainly refers to _______.
A. making furs and clothes B. protecting buyers with law
C. keeping the buyer informed D. businessmen and sellers
4. The author doesn’t agree that ______.
A. buyers buy the clothes without labels
B. clothing stores sell cheap dresses
C. all the products have labels
D. labels are not true
5. Which of the following is true？
A. A T-Shirt seldom carries a label.
B. A fur coat with a high price often carries a false label.
C. A label only says what material the product is made of.
D. Not all buyers know the material they are buying.
（四）自然类
Put an ice cube from your fridge into a glass of water. You have a piece of string 10 centimeters long. The problem is to take out that piece of ice with the help of the string. But you must not touch the ice with your fingers.
You may ask your friends to try to do that when you are having dinner together. There is a saltcellar on the table. You must use salt when you carry out this experiment.
First you put the string across the piece of ice. Then put some salt on the ice. Salt makes ice melt. The ice round the string will begin to melt. But when it melts, it will lose heat. The cold ice cube will make the salt water freeze again.
After a minute or two you may raise the piece of string and with it you will raise your piece of ice！
This experiment can be very useful to you. If, for example, there is ice near the door of your house, you must use very much salt to melt all the ice. If you don’t put enough salt, the water will freeze again.
1. We must use _______ when we carry out this experiment.
A. fridge B. some food C. a table D. some salt
2. How long will it take to carry out this experiment？
A. More than three minutes. B. Five minutes or so.
C. Only one minute or two. D. About ten minutes.
3. What is the task of this experiment？
A. Put the ice cube into the glass of water with the help of the string.
B. Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with the help of the string.
C. Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with your fingers.
D. Put some salt on the ice cube and then put the string across it.
4. How many things at least are used in this experiment？
A. Three. B. Four. C. Six. D. Seven.
5. We can learn something about _______ from the passage.
A. Physics B. biology C. chemistry D. maths
Bamboo is one of the nature’s most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.
Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 1.5 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains.
Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green.
Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong.
In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills can help to make the poor thirsty fields to be watered.
1. How is bamboo like grass？
A. It is thin and easy to cut. B. It grows everywhere.
C. It grows quickly after its cut short. D. It is short and green.
2. The sentence “while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across.” means “Some other bamboo
plants may grow to be very _______.”
A. short B. strong C. thick D. tall
3. From the text we know ______.
A. most people call bamboo plant trees
B. a bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three days
C. the bamboo plant changes its colors when it grows
D. a bridge held by bamboo cable was built thousands of years ago
4. Why did the engineers teach the poor farmers in Africa to make use of bamboo？
A. Because it is cheap. B. Because it is colorful.
C. Because it drills fast. D. Because it is used by Asians.
5. Which of the following is NOT true？
A. There are many different kinds of bamboo with different colors.
B. Cables made of bamboo can last for over a thousand years.
C. Bamboo can be used for buildings, bridges and watering projects.
D. Bamboo plants are able to grow well in any part of the world.
Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is not large. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.
The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.
Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers’ exhibition. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers’ exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path.
Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.
1. Australia is _______.
A. the largest country in the world
B. as large as Shanghai
C. not as large as China
D. the largest island in the north of the earth
2. The government had made _______.
A. too enough laws to fight pollution
B. so many laws that it can fight pollution
C. enough laws that it can hardly fight pollution
D. enough laws because the pollution is very serious
3. Which of the following is NOT true？
A. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers.
B. Perth is bigger than any other city in Western Australia.
C. Perth lies in the west of Australia.
D. No other city is larger than Perth in Australia.
4. In Perth you may visit a wild flowers’ show in _______.
A. October B. January C. May D. July
5. Which of the following is true？
A. Australia is famous for its sheep, kangaroos and wild flowers.
B. We ran back to the car because we were in the middle of white sheep.
C. Three hundred sheep came towards us because they saw us.
D. If you go to the countryside in Australia, you will see a large number of white sheep.
[if !supportLists]（五）[endif]人物类
Nick Petrels is a doctor in Montreal. He works 60 hours a week. He takes care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office. He’s been a doctor for ten years.
Dr. Petrels gives his patients good medical advice. But he doesn’t just tell his patients what to do. He also sings to them on television! Dr. Petrels has his own TV show. The show is in Italian, English and French. The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice. He explains a medical problem or disease in simple language. After that, he sings another song.
Dr. Petrels produces and performs in his own show every week. The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing. His dream is to perform in Las Vegas. His favorite songs are love songs, and he has a compact disk of love songs that he wrote. Dr. Petrels says, “I always loved to sing. All my problems are gone when I sing.” But when Dr. Petrels was young, his father didn’t want him to be a singer, so he went to medical school.
Some people tell Dr. Petrels he can help people more as a doctor. But Dr. Petrels says he helps people when he sings, too. “I like to make people smile. Sometimes it’s difficult to make a sick person smile. Medicine and entertainment both try to do the same thing. They try to make people feel good.”
1. Dr. Petrels works 60 hours a week, because he _______.
A. gives his patients medical advice
B. takes care of 159 patients a week
C. sings on television
D. has his own TV show
2. Dr. Petrels _______, so he is called a singing doctor.
A. has been a doctor for ten years
B. always loved to sing
C. is popular with his patients
D. also sings to his patients on TV
3. In his TV show, Dr. Petrel _______.
A. sings and gives medical advice
B. sings about different diseases
C. starts to explain diseases with a song
D. sings love songs he wrote
4. Dr. Petrels’ show is popular _______.
A. in Las Vegas. B. at medical school
C. with people who like his singing D. with patients in Montreal
5. Dr. Petrels says he likes to _______.
A. help people sing B. make people feel better
C. do the same thing D. make difficult people smile
（六）历史类
Napoleon agreed to plans for a tunnel under the English Channel in 1802. The British began digging one in 1880. Neither tunnel was completed. Europe has had to wait until the end of the 20th century for the Channel Tunnel. After nearly two centuries of dreaming, the island of Great Britain is connected to Continental Europe for the first time since the Ice Age, when the two land masses moved apart.
On May 6, 1994, Britain’s Queen Elizabeth and France’s President Mitterrand carried out the official opening. The Queen was accompanied on her train journey through the historic tunnel by one of her Rolls-Royce cars which was placed on the train. The following day saw celebrations taking place in Folkestone and Calais. Regular public services did not start until the latter part of 1994.
1. The island of Great Britain is _______.
A. connected to France all the time
B. separated from France with a tunnel
C. separated from France all the time
D. joined to France with the tunnel
2. Queen Elizabeth _______ at the opening.
A. took her car Rolls-Royce through the tunnel
B. took her car which was placed on her train through the tunnel
C. took her train through the tunnel
D. took Mitterrand’s train through the tunnel
3. Before 1994, one could go to Britain from France _______.
A. only by ship B. by ship or plane
C. by car or train D. by ship, car or train
4. Which of the following is right？
A. Napoleon made plans for the tunnel.
B. The public could pass through the tunnel by train after May 6, 1994.
C. The tunnel was built for two centuries.
D. The tunnel will do great good to Britain and France.
After the American Revolution won in 1787, the new government in the U.S.A. had to choose a capital city. The thirteen states quarreled about this. So the government decided to build a completely new capital. The land on the River Potomac was given the name District of Columbia (D.C). The new Capital was built on the north bank of the river. It was named after George Washington, the president of the U.S.A.
Washington D. C., a government city, is an important cultural center as well as a big tourist center.
Most capital cities have simply grown from small cities. Washington, however was planned as the capital of a great nation. It was designed by a French artist who first made a study of many capital cities of Europe. In general, his plan followed the plan of the beautiful French city of Versailles.
1. When the new capital was built America was made up of ____ states.
A. thirty B. thirteen C. fifty D. fifteen
2. Washington D.C. is the name of _______.
A. an American president B. America’s capital
C. a famous river D. a beautiful garden city
3. According to the passage we can conclude that America’s capital_____.
A. lies in the center on the country B. lies on the River Potomac
C. was built by French workers D. came from a small city
4. According to the passage we can infer that Washington D.C. is the center of America’s ______.
A. politics, culture and traveling B. culture, traveling and sports
C. economy, sports and culture D. politics, culture and economy
（七）故事类
Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling（赌博）and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup, he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him.
It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen.
“I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.”
1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _______.
A. he was a driver
B. he worked in a factory
C. he had a lot of work to do
D. he had worked there for a long time
2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______.
A. she couldn’t find any work
B. she thought her husband was tired
C. her husband spent all time in gambling
D. she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling
3. _______, so he was put into lockup.
A. Mr. Lang often gambled
B. Mr. Lang was late for work
C. Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home
D. Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police
4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______.
A. he didn’t love her any longer
B. he wouldn’t stop gambling
C. he had been put into lockup
D. he was hardly sent away by the factory
5. Which of the following is right？
A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again.
B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen.
C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon.
D. The boy hoped his mother to come back.
Another Reason
It was a quiet village in which there was a military camp. It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around. Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers. But it was difficult for the young men to go outside. Mr. White, an officer of forty, was strict with them and he hardly let them leave the camp.
Once Mr. White was ill in bed. He couldn’t work and a young officer, Mr. Hunt, began to train the new soldiers instead of him. He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday. But night fell and none came back to the camp. He was worried about it and stood at the gate. It was five to twelve when Mr. Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men. He started the car quickly and set off. At that moment the nine soldiers came back. It seemed they were all drunk. Of course they found the officer was angry.
“I’m sorry, sir,” said the first soldier. “I left the town on time. But something was wrong with my bus on my way here. I had to buy a horse and made it run fast. Bad luck! It died and I had to run back.”
And the other seven soldiers said they were late for the same reasons. It was the last soldier’s turn. He said, “I’m sorry, sir. I got on a bus on time, but…”
Having heard this, the officer became even angrier and stopped him at once. He called out, “If you say something was wrong with your bus, I’ll punish you at once!”
“No, no, sir,” said the young man. “My bus was all right, but the dead horses were in its way!”
1. The military camp was built in the village to _______.
A. stop the soldiers going to towns
B. stop the soldiers meeting their friends
C. train the new soldiers
D. make the young men live quietly
2. Mr. Hunt let the nine soldiers have a holiday because _______.
A. he was kind to them
B. they felt lonely
C. they had something important to do
D. they were the best of all
3. The young officer was worried because _______.
A. a traffic accident had happened
B. he was afraid something happened to the nine soldiers
C. the nine soldiers didn’t come back on time
D. the nine soldiers drank too much in the town
4. The nine soldiers returned to the camp late because _______.
A. something was wrong with their buses
B. their horses died on the return way
C. it took them much time to run back
D. they all had drunk much in the town
5. Which answer do you think right？
A. I’ll believe only the last soldier.
B. The officer believed the nine soldiers.
C. I’ll believe none of the nine soldiers.
D. The officer won’t punish his soldiers.
New towns are rising rapidly in the countryside of Sichuan Province, southwest China.
Over the past two years, some 200 towns have been set up, bringing the total to 5,600. The towns are located at places with transport facilities. They serve as a link between cities and countryside, through which farm product is transported to the big cities and all kinds of goods brought from the cities to the countryside. Datang, on the Sichuan Tibet Highway, in Pujiang county used to be a market. Now it has become an economic and commercial centre of four counties nearby, and a link between these counties and the provincial capital of Chengdu.
1. This passage was probably taken from _______.
A. a travel book B. a history magazine
C. a newspaper D. a textbook
2. Which of the following is the closest to the number of the towns in Sichuan two years ago？
A. 200. B. 5 400. C. 5 600. D. 5 800.
3. The new towns serve to help _______.
A. add more transport facilities
B. make people’s cultural life rich
C. business and the exchange of products
D. economic commercial center
