分区

依据最新的联合国经济和社会事务部统计司的联合国地理方案，为方便统计，把非洲分为北非、 撒哈拉以南非洲 （撒哈拉以南非洲分为中非、东非、南非、西非），共60个国家和地区。

北非

北非通常包括埃及、苏丹、南苏丹、利比亚、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、马德拉群岛（属葡萄牙）、西属摩洛哥（属西班牙）、休达（属西班牙）、梅利利亚（属西班牙）、加那利群岛（属西班牙）。其中埃及、苏丹和利比亚有时称为东北非。其余国家和地区称为西北非。北非的面积820多万平方千米，人口约1.2亿，阿拉伯人占70%左右。西北部为阿特拉斯山，东南部为苏丹草原的一部分，地中海和大西洋沿岸有狭窄的平原，其余地区大多为撒哈拉沙漠。本区不少农矿产品占世界重要地位，原油占世界总产量5%，磷酸盐占22%，棉花约占5%，阿拉伯树胶占80%以上，其他还有栓皮、油橄榄、柑橘、葡萄、椰枣、无花果等。

东非

东非通常包括埃塞俄比亚、厄立特里亚、索马里、吉布提、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达、塞舌尔、卢旺达、布隆迪。有时也把苏丹作为东非的一部分。东非面积约370万平方千米，人口约1.3亿，主要是班图语系黑人，分布在南部；其次是，盖拉族和阿姆哈拉族索马里人，分布在北部。北部是非洲屋脊——埃塞俄比亚高原，南部是东非高原，印度洋沿岸有狭窄的平原，东非大裂谷纵贯东非高原中部和西部，本区所产咖啡约占世界总产量14%，剑麻约占25%以上，丁香供应量占世界丁香供应量的80%以上。茶叶、甘蔗、棉花也在非洲占重要地位。

西非

西非包括毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、冈比亚、马里、布基纳法索、几内亚、几内亚比绍、佛得角、塞拉利昂、利比里亚、科特迪瓦、加纳、多哥、贝宁、尼日尔、西撒哈拉（地区）[6]  、尼日利亚和圣赫勒拿岛（属英国）。面积约656万平方千米。其中黑人约占总人口的85%，其余多为阿拉伯人。本区北部属撒哈拉沙漠，中部属苏丹草原，南部为上几内亚高原，沿海有狭窄的平原。本区所产金刚石约占世界总产量12%，铝土矿约占非洲总产量90%以上，可可和棕榈仁均占世界总产量50%以上，棕榈油约占38%，花生约占11%，咖啡、天然橡胶在世界上也占有一定地位。

中非

中非通常包括乍得、中非共和国、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚、加蓬、刚果（布）、刚果（金）、圣多美和普林西比，有时也把赞比亚、津巴布韦和马拉维作为中非的一部分。面积536万多平方千米，人口约5600万，其中班图系黑人约占80%，分布在南部。其余为苏丹语系黑人，分布在北部。本区北部属撒哈拉沙漠，中部属苏丹草原，南部属刚果盆地，西南部属下几内亚高原。刚果盆地面积约337万平方千米，中心部分最低处海拔仅200米，四周的高原、山地一般高达海拔1000米以上。所产金刚石占世界总产量30%左右，锰矿石占12%，铜、钴、铀、锡、镭、铌、钽等矿物产量都在世界上占重要地位。棕榈油、棕榈仁、天然橡胶、可可也很重要。

南非

南非通常包括博茨瓦纳、纳米比亚、安哥拉、南非共和国、斯威士兰、莱索托、马达加斯加、马拉维、科摩罗、毛里求斯、莫桑比克、赞比亚、津巴布韦、马约特岛、留尼汪岛、英属印度洋领土、法属南半球和南极领地等。面积661万多平方千米，人口约1亿，其中班图语系黑人占85%，马来－波利尼西亚语系的马达加斯加人占9%，欧洲白种人占5%以上：南非高原为本区地形的主体，高原中部地势低洼为卡拉哈迪盆地，四周隆起为高原和山地，本区所产金约占世界总产量71.83%，金刚石、铬矿石约占28.17%，钻石、铀矿、铜、钒、锂、铍、钴，石棉的产量在世界上也占重要地位。

地理境域

非洲位于东半球的西南部，地跨赤道南北，西北部的部分地区伸入西半球。东濒印度洋，西临大西洋，北隔地中海和直布罗陀海峡与欧洲相望，东北隅以狭长的红海与苏伊士运河紧邻亚洲。大陆东至哈丰角（东经51°24′、北纬10°27′），南至厄加勒斯角（东经20°02′、南纬34°51′），西至佛得角（西经17°33′、北纬14°45′），北至吉兰角（本赛卡角）（东经9°50′、北纬37°21′）。约3020万平方公里（包括附近岛屿）。约占世界陆地总面积的20.2%，次于亚洲，为世界第二大洲。（如下↓）

矿产资源

非洲已探明的矿物资源种类多，储量大。石油、天然气蕴藏丰富；铁、锰、铬、钴、镍、钒、铜、铅、锌、锡、磷酸盐等储量很大；黄金、金刚石久负盛名；铀矿脉的相继被发现，引起世人瞩目。许多矿物的储量位居世界的前列。

石油

2014年，非洲储量占世界近12%多，其中，撒哈拉区油占世界12%，20多个产油国中尼日利亚、阿尔及利亚、利比亚、安哥拉和埃及五国的产油量约占非洲总量80%以上。

蕴藏石油的部分国家有：阿尔及利亚、尼日利亚、利比亚、安哥拉，埃及，贝宁、赤道几内亚、刚果（布）、加蓬、喀麦隆、科特迪瓦、苏丹、坦桑尼亚、突尼斯等。

铂、铬、锰、钯

2014年，非洲铂和钯储量占世界89%；锰矿和铬矿储量分别占世界83%和91%。

铂和钯集中在南非；铬矿集中在南非和津巴布韦；锰矿集中在南非和加蓬。

钻石

2014年，非洲储量占世界60%，刚果（金）金刚石产量居世界第一位。

集中在刚果（金）、博茨瓦纳和南非。

黄金、磷酸盐、钴

2014年，非洲储量皆占世界50%以上，阿特拉斯区是世界三大磷酸盐产地之一，南非黄金产量居世界第一位。

金矿主要分布在南非、加纳、津巴布韦、刚果（金）、坦桑尼亚和马里；磷酸盐集中在摩洛哥，是著名的磷酸盐生产国；钴矿集中在刚果（金）和赞比亚。

铀、钽，铯、锆，石墨、矾土

2014年，非洲储量皆占世界30%以上，其中，赤道几内亚的矾土储量占世界27%

铀集中在南非；钽矿集中在莫桑比克；石墨集中在马达加斯加；矾土分布在几内亚、南非、博茨瓦纳、几内亚比绍、加纳、津巴布韦等。

铁、铜、锌、铝土

2014年，非洲储量皆占世界20%以上。

刚果盆地外环区为金属矿主要分布区，刚果（金）和赞比亚的铜矿以储量大、品位高著名。西非区主要有铁矿和铝土矿，利比里亚铁矿著名，几内亚铝土矿储量居世界首位。

植物资源

非洲的植物至少有40000种以上。森林面积占非洲总面积的21%。盛产红木、黑檀木、花梨木、柯巴树、乌木、樟树、栲树、胡桃木、黄漆木、栓皮栎等经济林木。草原辽阔，面积占非洲总面积的27%，居各洲首位。可开发的水力资源丰富。

动物资源

非洲以野生动物品种及数量繁多而闻名，大型有蹄类哺乳动物（约90多种）和淡水鱼（2000多种）比其他各洲都多。鱼类约有3000个物种，两栖动物有约238种，爬行动物有58种，鸟类有589种，哺乳动物有1100种。

可惜啊，有这么好的地，当地人却不思进取，还是得学学日本。

partition

According to the latest United Nationsgeographical program of the Statistics Division of the United NationsDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs, for the convenience of statistics,Africa is divided into North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa (sub-Saharan Africa isdivided into Central Africa, East Africa, South Africa, West Africa), a totalof 60 countries and regions.

North Africa

North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan,South Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira (Portugal), SpanishMorocco (Spain), Ceuta (Spain), Melilla (Spain), and the Canary Islands(Spain). Egypt, Sudan and Libya are sometimes called North East Africa. Theremaining countries and regions are called Northwest Africa. North Africacovers an area of more than 8.2 million square kilometers and has a populationof about 120 million, 70% of which are Arabs. Atlas Mountains in the northwest,part of the Sudanese steppe in the southeast, narrow plains along theMediterranean and Atlantic coasts, and most of the rest of the Sahara desert.Many AGRICULTURAL AND MINERAL PRODUCTS IN THIS REGION OCCUPY AN IMPORTANTPOSITION IN THE WORLD. Crude oil accounts for 5% of the world's totalproduction, phosphate accounts for 22%, cotton accounts for 5%, Arabic gumaccounts for more than 80%, and other products include cork, olive, citrus,grape, date palm and figs.

In East Africa

East Africa usually includes Ethiopia,Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Seychelles, Rwanda, andBurundi. And sometimes Sudan as part of East Africa. East Africa covers an areaof about 3.7 million square kilometers, with a population of about 130 million,mainly black Bantu languages, distributed in the south; This is followed by theGaila and Amhara Somalis in the north. There are narrow plains along the coastof the Indian Ocean. The Great Rift Valley runs through the middle and west ofthe East African plateau. This region produces about 14% of the world's totalcoffee, over 25% of sisal, and over 80% of the world's supply of cloves. Tea,sugar cane and cotton are also important in Africa.

In west Africa

West Africa includes Mauritania, Senegal,Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone,Liberia, Cote d 'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Western Sahara (region)[6], Nigeria, and St. Helena (British territory). The area is about 6.56million square kilometers. Blacks make up about 85% of the population; the restare mostly Arabs. The northern part of this area is the Sahara desert, themiddle part of the Sudanese grassland, the southern part of the upper Guineaplateau, there are narrow coastal plains. The diamond production in this regionaccounts for 12% of the world's total production, bauxite accounts for morethan 90% of Africa's total production, cocoa and palm kernel account for morethan 50% of the world's total production, palm oil accounts for about 38%,peanuts account for about 11%, coffee and natural rubber also occupy a certainposition in the world.

The central African

Central Africa usually includes Chad,Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, CongoBrazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, SAO Tome and Principe, and sometimesZambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi as part of Central Africa. It covers an area ofmore than 5.36 million square kilometers and has a population of about 56million, among which Bantu blacks account for about 80% and are distributed inthe south. The rest are black Sudanese, in the north. The northern part of theregion is the Sahara desert, the middle part of the Sudanese grassland, thesouth part of the Congo basin, the southwest part of the Lower Guinea plateau.The Congo Basin covers an area of about 3.37 million square kilometers. Thelowest part of the central part is only 200 meters above sea level, and thesurrounding plateauts and mountains are generally as high as 1,000 meters abovesea level. The production of diamond accounts for about 30% of the world'stotal production, manganese ore accounts for 12%, copper, cobalt, uranium, tin,radium, niobium, tantalum and other minerals are important in the world. Palmoil, palm kernel, natural rubber, cocoa are also important.

South Africa

South Africa usually includes Botswana,Namibia, Angola, the Republic of South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar,Malawi, Comoros, Mauritius, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mayotte Island, LaRepublique, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Hemisphereand the Antarctic Territory. It covers an area of more than 6.61 million squarekilometers and has a population of about 100 million, of which 85% are blackBantu, 9% Malagasy Malay Polynesian, and more than 5% are white European: TheSouth African plateau is the main part of the terrain in this region, with thelow-lying Kalahadi Basin in the central part of the plateau and the plateau andmountains around it. The gold production in this region accounts for about71.83% of the world's total output, and the diamond and chromium ores accountfor about 28.17%. The output of diamond, uranium ore, copper, vanadium,lithium, beryllium, cobalt and asbestos also plays an important role in theworld.

Geographic realm

Africa is located in the southwest of theEastern Hemisphere, north and south across the equator, part of the northwestjuts into the Western Hemisphere. East of the Indian Ocean, west of theAtlantic Ocean, north across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltarand Europe, northeast corner with the narrow Red Sea and Suez Canal adjacent toAsia. The continent extends to Cape Haffon (51°24 'E, 10°27' N) in the east,Cape Agulhas (20°02 'E, 34°51' s) in the south, Cape Verde (17°33 'W, 14°45' N)in the west, and Cape Guillen (Cape Benseca) in the north (9°50 'E, 37°21' N).About 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). Accounting for20.2% of the world's total land area, it is the second largest continent in theworld after Asia. (below ↓)

Mineral resources

Africa has proven mineral resources of manykinds, large reserves. Rich in oil and natural gas; Iron, manganese, chromium,cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, phosphate and other largereserves; Gold and diamond have a long reputation; The discovery of uraniumveins has attracted worldwide attention. Reserves of many minerals are amongthe highest in the world of the Japan.

oil

In 2014, Africa's reserves accounted fornearly 12% of the world's total, of which the oil from the Sahara regionaccounted for 12%. Among the more than 20 oil-producing countries, Nigeria,Algeria, Libya, Angola and Egypt accounted for more than 80% of Africa's totaloil production. [8]

Some of the countries that contain oil areAlgeria, Nigeria, Libya, Angola, Egypt, Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Congo(Brazzaville), Gabon, Cameroon, Cote d 'Ivoire, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, etc.

Platinum, chromium, manganese, palladium

In 2014, Africa had 89% of the world'splatinum and palladium reserves; Manganese ore and chromium ore reservesaccount for 83% and 91% of the world respectively.

Platinum and palladium are concentrated inSouth Africa; Chromium mines are concentrated in South Africa and Zimbabwe;Manganese mines are concentrated in South Africa and Gabon.

diamond

In 2014, Africa's reserves accounted for60% of the world's total, and Congo (DRC) ranked first in diamond production.

Concentrated in Congo, Botswana and SouthAfrica.