1.打印对比：
java

System.out.print("Hello, World!");
System.out.println("Hello, World!");

kotlin

print("Hello, World!")
println("Hello, World!")

2.变量定义1：
java

final int x;
final int y = 1;

kotlin

val x: Int
val y = 1

3.变量定义2：
java

int w;
int z = 2;
z = 3;
w = 1;

kotlin

var w: Int
var z = 2
z = 3
w = 1 

4.初始化变量
java

final String name = null;

String lastName;
lastName = null

kotlin

val name: String? = null

var lastName: String?
lastName = null

var firstName: String
firstName = null //编译错误

5.判断空
java

if(text != null){
  int length = text.length();
}

kotlin

val length = text?.length// text为空时不执行.length

val length = text!!.length // text为空时抛异常

6.字符串1：
java

String name = "John";
String lastName = "Smith";
String text = "My name is: " + name + " " + lastName;
String otherText = "My name is: " + name.substring(2);

kotlin

val name = "John"
val lastName = "Smith"
val text = "My name is: $name $lastName"
val otherText = "My name is: ${name.substring(2)}"

7.字符串2：
java

String text = "First Line\n" +
            "Second Line\n" +
              "Third Line";

kotlin

val text = """
        |First Line
        |Second Line
        |Third Line
""".trimMargin()

8.三元运算符：
java

String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";

kotlin

val text = if (x > 5)
              "x > 5"
            else "x <= 5"

9.位操作：
java

final int andResult  = a & b;
final int orResult   = a | b;
final int xorResult  = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift  = a << 2;

kotlin

val andResult  = a and b
val orResult   = a or b
val xorResult  = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift  = a shl 2

10.比较类型和范围表达
java

if(x instanceof Integer){ }

final String text = (String) other;

if(x >= 0 && x <= 10 ){}

kotlin

if (x is Int) { }

val text = other as String

if (x in 0..10) { }

11.分割字符串
java

if(a instanceof String){
  final String result = ((String) a).substring(1);
}

kotlin

if (a is String) {
  val result = a.substring(1)
}

12.Switch / When语句
java

final int x = // value;
final String xResult;

switch (x){
  case 0:
  case 11:
    xResult = "0 or 11";
    break;
  case 1:
  case 2:
    //...
  case 10:
    xResult = "from 1 to 10";
    break;
  default:
    if(x < 12 && x > 14) {
      xResult = "not from 12 to 14";
      break;
    }

    if(isOdd(x)) {
      xResult = "is odd";
      break;
    }

    xResult = "otherwise";
}



final int y = // value;
final String yResult;

if(isNegative(y)){
  yResult = "is Negative";
} else if(isZero(y)){
  yResult = "is Zero";
}else if(isOdd(y)){
  yResult = "is Odd";
}else {
  yResult = "otherwise";
}

kotlin

val x = // value
val xResult = when (x) {
  0, 11 -> "0 or 11"
  in 1..10 -> "from 1 to 10"
  !in 12..14 -> "not from 12 to 14"
  else -> if (isOdd(x)) { "is odd" } else { "otherwise" }
}

val y = // value
val yResult = when {
  isNegative(y) -> "is Negative"
  isZero(y) -> "is Zero"
  isOdd(y) -> "is odd"
  else -> "otherwise"
}

13.for循环
java

for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i+=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }

kotlin

for (i in 1 until 11) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) {}

for (item in collection) {}
for ((index, item) in collection.withIndex()) {}

for ((key, value) in map) {}

14.集合操作1：
java

final List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);

final Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "One");
map.put(2, "Two");
map.put(3, "Three");


// Java 9
final List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3);

final Map<Integer, String> map = Map.of(1, "One",
                                        2, "Two",
                                        3, "Three");

kotlin

val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3)

val map = mapOf(1 to "One",
                2 to "Two",
                3 to "Three")

15.集合操作2：
java

for (int number : numbers) {
  System.out.println(number);
}

for (int number : numbers) {
  if(number > 5) {
    System.out.println(number);
  }
}

kotlin

numbers.forEach {
    println(it)
}

numbers.filter  { it > 5 }
       .forEach { println(it) }

16.集合操作3：
java

final Map<String, List<Integer>> groups = new HashMap<>();
for (int number : numbers) {
  if((number & 1) == 0){
    if(!groups.containsKey("even")){
      groups.put("even", new ArrayList<>());
    }

    groups.get("even").add(number);
    continue;
  }

  if(!groups.containsKey("odd")){
    groups.put("odd", new ArrayList<>());
  }

  groups.get("odd").add(number);
}

kotlin

val groups = numbers.groupBy {
                if (it and 1 == 0) "even" else "odd"
             }

17.集合操作4：
java

final List<Integer> evens = new ArrayList<>();
final List<Integer> odds = new ArrayList<>();
for (int number : numbers){
  if ((number & 1) == 0) {
    evens.add(number);
  }else {
    odds.add(number);
  }
}

kotlin

val (evens, odds) = numbers.partition { it and 1 == 0 }

18.集合操作5：
java

final List<User> users = getUsers();

Collections.sort(users, new Comparator<User>(){
  public int compare(User user, User otherUser){
    return user.lastname.compareTo(otherUser.lastname);
  }
});

// 或

users.sort(Comparator.comparing(user -> user.lastname));

kotlin

val users = getUsers()
users.sortedBy { it.lastname }