一、配网流程

• 首先手机连接智能硬件的 无线网络B
• 手机APP与智能硬件建立 TCP 连接
• 通过 HTTP 协议将 JSON 封装的 无线网络A 信息（SSID和密码）发送到智能硬件
• 智能硬件连接 无线网络A
• 连接成功后，无线网络A 中 UDP 广播分配后的IP地址和自身MAC地址
• 工作模式从AP模式切换为STA模式

二、实验前提

需要用到TCP/UDP通信接口，查看 ESP8266学习笔记（5）——TCP/UDP接口使用
需要用到HTTP服务器接口，查看 ESP8266学习笔记（13）——HTTP服务器
需要用到JSON接口，查看 ESP8266学习笔记（8）——第三方库cJSON使用

三、搭建HTTP服务器

3.1 user_httpserver.h

#ifndef _USER_WEB_SERVER_H_
#define _USER_WEB_SERVER_H_

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */

/*********************************************************************
 * DEFINITIONS
 */
#define URL_SIZE                    20
#define REQUEST_DATA_SIZE           1024
#define RESPONSE_DATA_SIZE          256

#define GET     0
#define POST    1

#define HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE_FRAME "HTTP/1.0 %s\r\n\
Content-Length: %d\r\n\
Server: lwIP/1.4.0\r\n\
Content-type: application/json\r\n\
Expires: Fri, 10 Apr 2008 14:00:00 GMT\r\n\
Pragma: no-cache\r\n\r\n\
%s"

/*********************************************************************
 * TYPEDEFS
 */
typedef struct urlFrame_t
{
    uint8 type;
    char select[URL_SIZE];
    char command[URL_SIZE];
    char filename[URL_SIZE];
} UrlFrame_t;

/*********************************************************************
 * API FUNCTIONS
 */
void HttpServerInit(void);
void HttpServerListen(void);

#endif /* _USER_WEB_SERVER_H_ */

3.2 user_httpserver.c

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */
#include "osapi.h"
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "espconn.h"
#include "mem.h"

#include "user_httpserver.h"
#include "user_udp.h"
#include "user_wifimode.h"
#include "cJSON.h"

static void connectCallback(void *arg);
static void receiveDataCallback(void *arg, char *pData, unsigned short len);
static void disconnectCallback(void *arg);
static bool checkDataIntegrity(char *pRecvData, uint16 recvDatalen);
static void parseUrl(char *pRecvData, UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame);
static void findRequestData(char *pRecvData, char *pRequestData);
static void handleGetUrlPath(UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame, char *pRequestData);
static void handlePostUrlPath(UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame, char *pRequestData);
static void configWifi(char *pRequestData);
static void sendPostResponse(bool responseOk, char *pResponseData);
static void jsonPackageResponseData(bool responseOk, char *pSendData);

/*********************************************************************
 * LOCAL VARIABLES
 */
static struct espconn s_httpSvrTcpEspconn;                                          // HTTP服务器TCP连接结构体

/*********************************************************************
 * PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
 */

/**
 @brief HTTP服务器初始化
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
HttpServerInit(void)
{
    s_httpSvrTcpEspconn.type = ESPCONN_TCP;
    s_httpSvrTcpEspconn.state = ESPCONN_NONE;
    s_httpSvrTcpEspconn.proto.tcp = (esp_tcp *) os_zalloc(sizeof(esp_tcp));
    s_httpSvrTcpEspconn.proto.tcp->local_port = 80;
    espconn_regist_connectcb(&s_httpSvrTcpEspconn, connectCallback);

    espconn_accept(&s_httpSvrTcpEspconn);
}

/**
 @brief 监听HTTP服务器
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
HttpServerListen(void)
{
    espconn_accept(&s_httpSvrTcpEspconn);
}

/*********************************************************************
 * LOCAL FUNCTIONS
 */

/**
 @brief 连接成功的回调函数
 @param arg -[in] 指向传递给这个回调函数来使用的参数
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
connectCallback(void *arg)
{
    struct espconn *pEspconn = arg;

    espconn_regist_recvcb(pEspconn, receiveDataCallback);
    espconn_regist_disconcb(pEspconn, disconnectCallback);
}

/**
 @brief 接收数据的回调函数
 @param arg -[in] 指向传递给这个回调函数来使用的参数
 @param pData -[in] 接收的数据
 @param len -[in] 接收的数据长度
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
receiveDataCallback(void *arg, char *pData, unsigned short len)
{
    if(checkDataIntegrity(pData, len) == false)
    {
        return ;
    }
    os_printf("recvData:  %s\n", pData);

    UrlFrame_t urlFrame;
    char requestData[REQUEST_DATA_SIZE] = {0};

    findRequestData(pData, requestData);
    parseUrl(pData, &urlFrame);

    switch(urlFrame.type)
    {
    case GET:
        os_printf("We have a GET request.\n");
        handleGetUrlPath(&urlFrame, requestData);
        break;
    case POST:
        os_printf("We have a POST request.\n");
        handlePostUrlPath(&urlFrame, requestData);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

/**
 @brief 断连的回调函数
 @param arg -[in] 指向传递给这个回调函数来使用的参数
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
disconnectCallback(void *arg)
{
    struct espconn *pEspconn = arg;

    os_printf("httpserver's %d.%d.%d.%d:%d disconnect\n",
                pEspconn->proto.tcp->remote_ip[0], pEspconn->proto.tcp->remote_ip[1],
                pEspconn->proto.tcp->remote_ip[2], pEspconn->proto.tcp->remote_ip[3],
                pEspconn->proto.tcp->remote_port);
}

/**
 @brief 检查数据完整性
 @param pRecvData -[in] 接收的数据
 @param recvDatalen -[in] 接收的数据长度
 @return 1 - 数据完整；0 - 数据缺失
*/
static bool ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
checkDataIntegrity(char *pRecvData, uint16 recvDatalen)
{
    if(!pRecvData)
    {
        return false;
    }

    char lenBuffer[10] = {0};
    char *pTemp = NULL;
    char *pData = NULL;
    char *pTempRecvData;
    uint16 tempLen = recvDatalen;
    uint32 tempTotalLen = 0;
    uint32 dataSumLen = 0;

    pTemp = (char *) os_strstr(pRecvData, "\r\n\r\n");

    if(pTemp != NULL)
    {
        tempLen -= pTemp - pRecvData;
        tempLen -= 4;
        tempTotalLen += tempLen;

        pData = (char *) os_strstr(pRecvData, "Content-Length: ");

        if(pData != NULL)
        {
            pData += 16;
            pTempRecvData = (char *) os_strstr(pData, "\r\n");

            if(pTempRecvData != NULL)
            {
                os_memcpy(lenBuffer, pData, pTempRecvData - pData);
                dataSumLen = atoi(lenBuffer);
                os_printf("A_dat:%u,total:%u,lenght:%u\n",dataSumLen, tempTotalLen, tempLen);

                if(dataSumLen != tempTotalLen)
                {
                    return false;
                }

                return true;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/**
 @brief 解析URL
 @param pRecvData -[in] 接收的数据
 @param pUrlFrame -[in&out] URL框架
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
parseUrl(char *pRecvData, UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame)
{
    if(pUrlFrame == NULL || pRecvData == NULL)
    {
        return ;
    }

    char *pStr = NULL;
    uint8 length = 0;
    char *pBuffer = NULL;
    char *pBuf = NULL;

    pBuffer = (char *) os_strstr(pRecvData, "Host:");

    if(pBuffer != NULL)
    {
        length = pBuffer - pRecvData;
        pBuf = (char *)os_zalloc(length + 1);
        pBuffer = pBuf;
        os_memcpy(pBuffer, pRecvData, length);
        os_memset(pUrlFrame->select, 0, URL_SIZE);
        os_memset(pUrlFrame->command, 0, URL_SIZE);
        os_memset(pUrlFrame->filename, 0, URL_SIZE);

        if(os_strncmp(pBuffer, "GET ", 4) == 0)
        {
            pUrlFrame->type = GET;
            pBuffer += 4;
        }
        else if(os_strncmp(pBuffer, "POST ", 5) == 0)
        {
            pUrlFrame->type = POST;
            pBuffer += 5;
        }

        pBuffer++;
        pStr = (char *) os_strstr(pBuffer, "?");

        if(pStr != NULL)
        {
            length = pStr - pBuffer;
            os_memcpy(pUrlFrame->select, pBuffer, length);
            pStr++;
            pBuffer = (char *) os_strstr(pStr, "=");

            if(pBuffer != NULL)
            {
                length = pBuffer - pStr;
                os_memcpy(pUrlFrame->command, pStr, length);
                pBuffer++;
                pStr = (char *) os_strstr(pBuffer, "&");

                if(pStr != NULL)
                {
                    length = pStr - pBuffer;
                    os_memcpy(pUrlFrame->filename, pBuffer, length);
                }
                else
                {
                    pStr = (char *) os_strstr(pBuffer, " HTTP");

                    if(pStr != NULL)
                    {
                        length = pStr - pBuffer;
                        os_memcpy(pUrlFrame->filename, pBuffer, length);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        os_free(pBuf);
    }
}

/**
 @brief 查找请求数据
 @param pRecvData -[in] 接收的数据
 @param pRequestData -[in&out] 请求的数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
findRequestData(char *pRecvData, char *pRequestData)
{
    char *pRequestDataStart = NULL;
    char *pRequestDataEnd = NULL;

    pRequestDataStart = strchr(pRecvData, '{');
    if(pRequestDataStart != NULL)
    {
        pRequestDataEnd = strrchr(pRecvData, '}');
        if(pRequestDataEnd != NULL)
        {
            os_memcpy(pRequestData, pRequestDataStart, pRequestDataEnd - pRequestDataStart + 1);
        }
    }

    pRequestData[pRequestDataEnd - pRequestDataStart + 1] = '\0';
}

/**
 @brief 处理GET请求URL路径
 @param pUrlFrame -[in] URL框架
 @param pRequestData -[in] 请求的数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
handleGetUrlPath(UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame, char *pRequestData)
{
    os_printf("Type:%d, Select:%s, Command:%s, Filename:%s ",
    pUrlFrame->type, pUrlFrame->select, pUrlFrame->command, pUrlFrame->filename);
}

/**
 @brief 处理POST请求URL路径
 @param pUrlFrame -[in] URL框架
 @param pRequestData -[in] 请求的数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
handlePostUrlPath(UrlFrame_t *pUrlFrame, char *pRequestData)
{
    os_printf("Type:%d, Select:%s, Command:%s, Filename:%s ",
    pUrlFrame->type, pUrlFrame->select, pUrlFrame->command, pUrlFrame->filename);

    if(os_strcmp(pUrlFrame->select, "config") == 0)
    {
        if(os_strcmp(pUrlFrame->command, "command") == 0)
        {
            if(os_strcmp(pUrlFrame->filename, "wifi") == 0)
            {
                configWifi(pRequestData);
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 @brief 配置WIFI接口
 @param pRequestData -[in] 请求的数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
configWifi(char *pRequestData)
{
    if(!pRequestData)
    {
        return ;
    }

    cJSON *pRoot = cJSON_Parse(pRequestData);
    if(!pRoot)
    {
        return ;
    }

    char sendData[RESPONSE_DATA_SIZE] = {0};
    cJSON *pRequest = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pRoot, "request");                        // 解析request字段内容
    if(!pRequest)
    {
        os_sprintf(sendData, "%s", "No request Item");
        sendPostResponse(false, sendData);
        cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
        return ;
    }

    cJSON *pStation = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pRequest, "station");                     // 解析request子节点station字段内容字段内容
    if(pStation)
    {
        char ssid[32] = {0};
        char password[64] = {0};
        cJSON *pSsid = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pStation, "ssid");
        cJSON *pPassword = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pStation, "password");
        if(!pSsid)
        {
            os_sprintf(sendData, "%s", "No ssid Item");
            sendPostResponse(false, sendData);
            cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
            return ;
        }
        if(!pPassword)
        {
            os_sprintf(sendData, "%s", "No password Item");
            sendPostResponse(false, sendData);
            cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
            return ;
        }

        os_strcpy(ssid, pSsid->valuestring);
        os_strcpy(password, pPassword->valuestring);

        os_sprintf(sendData, "%s", "Config station succeed");
        sendPostResponse(true, sendData);

        ConfigStationMode(ssid, password);

        UdpSendDeviceInfo();                                                        // UDP发送设备信息
    }
    else
    {
        os_sprintf(sendData, "%s", "No station Item");
        sendPostResponse(false, sendData);
    }

    cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
}

/**
 @brief 发送POST请求的HTTP响应
 @param responseOk -[in] 响应是否成功
 @param pResponseData -[in] 响应数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
sendPostResponse(bool responseOk, char *pResponseData)
{
    char sendData[RESPONSE_DATA_SIZE] = {0};
    char responseCode[15] = {0};

    jsonPackageResponseData(responseOk, pResponseData);

    if(responseOk)
    {
        os_sprintf(responseCode, "200 OK", os_strlen(responseCode));
    }
    else
    {
        os_sprintf(responseCode, "400 BadRequest", os_strlen(responseCode));
    }

    os_sprintf(sendData, HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE_FRAME, responseCode, os_strlen(pResponseData), pResponseData);

    espconn_sent(&s_httpSvrTcpEspconn, sendData, os_strlen(sendData));
}

/**
 @brief JSON格式封装响应数据
 @param responseOk -[in] 响应是否成功
 @param pSendData -[in&out] 要封装的发送数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
jsonPackageResponseData(bool responseOk, char *pSendData)
{
    if(!pSendData)
    {
        return ;
    }

    cJSON *pRoot = cJSON_CreateObject();

    uint16 statusCode;

    if(responseOk)
    {
        statusCode = 200;
    }
    else
    {
        statusCode = 400;
    }

    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(pRoot, "status", statusCode);
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(pRoot, "message", pSendData);
    char *tempBuffer = cJSON_Print(pRoot);
    os_sprintf(pSendData, "%s", tempBuffer);

    os_free((void *) tempBuffer);
    cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
}

四、配网

4.1 user_wifimode.h

#ifndef _USER_WIFI_MODE_H_
#define _USER_WIFI_MODE_H_

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */

/*********************************************************************
 * API FUNCTIONS
 */
void ConfigStationMode(char *pSsid, char *pPassword);

#endif /* _USER_WIFI_MODE_H_ */

4.2 user_wifimode.c

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */
#include "osapi.h"
#include "user_interface.h"

#include "user_wifimode.h"

/**
 @brief 配置STA模式属性
 @param pSsid -[in] 要接入的WIFI名字
 @param pPassword -[in] 要连入的WIFI密码
 @return 无
*/
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
ConfigStationMode(char *pSsid, char *pPassword)
{
    if(!pSsid || !pPassword)
    {
        return ;
    }

    struct station_config station;
    uint8 wifiMode = wifi_get_opmode();

    if((wifiMode == STATION_MODE) || (wifiMode == STATIONAP_MODE))
    {
        os_strcpy(station.ssid, pSsid);
        os_strcpy(station.password, pPassword);
        wifi_station_set_config(&station);
        wifi_station_disconnect();
        wifi_station_connect();
    }
}

五、搭建UDP客户端

5.1 user_udp.h

#ifndef _USER_UDP_H_
#define _USER_UDP_H_

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */

/*********************************************************************
 * API FUNCTIONS
 */
void UdpInit(void);
void UdpSendDeviceInfo(void);

#endif /* _USER_UDP_H_ */

5.2 user_udp.c

/*********************************************************************
 * INCLUDES
 */
#include "osapi.h"
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "espconn.h"
#include "mem.h"

#include "user_udp.h"
#include "cJSON.h"

/*********************************************************************
 * CONSTANT
 */
const uint16 UDP_DEV_INFO_PERIOD = 1000;

/*********************************************************************
 * LOCAL VARIABLES
 */
static struct espconn s_devInfoUdpEspconn;                                          // 设备信息UDP广播结构体
static os_timer_t s_udpDevInfoTimer;                                                // UDP广播设备信息的定时器
static uint8 s_udpDevInfoSendCount;                                                 // UDP广播设备信息次数

/*********************************************************************
 * PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
 */

/**
 @brief UDP通讯初始化
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
UdpInit(void)
{
    udpDeviceInfoEspconn();
    udpBleDataEspconn();
}

/**
 @brief UDP发送设备信息
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
UdpSendDeviceInfo(void)
{
    startUdpDeviceInfoTimer();
}

/*********************************************************************
 * LOCAL FUNCTIONS
 */

/**
 @brief UDP广播设备信息
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
udpDeviceInfoEspconn(void)
{
    s_devInfoUdpEspconn.type = ESPCONN_UDP;
    s_devInfoUdpEspconn.proto.udp = (esp_udp *) os_zalloc(sizeof(esp_udp));
    s_devInfoUdpEspconn.proto.udp->local_port = espconn_port();                     // 获取可用端口作为本地端口
    s_devInfoUdpEspconn.proto.udp->remote_port = 5000;                              // 目标端口5050
    espconn_regist_sentcb(&s_devInfoUdpEspconn, udpSendDataCallback);
    espconn_create(&s_devInfoUdpEspconn);

    startUdpDeviceInfoTimer();
}

/**
 @brief UDP发送数据的回调函数
 @param arg -[in] 指向传递给这个回调函数来使用的参数
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
udpSendDataCallback(void *arg)
{
}

/**
 @brief 开始UDP广播设备信息的定时器
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
startUdpDeviceInfoTimer(void)
{
    s_udpDevInfoSendCount = 0;
    os_timer_disarm(&s_udpDevInfoTimer);
    os_timer_setfn(&s_udpDevInfoTimer, (os_timer_func_t *) udpDeviceInfoTimerCallback, NULL);
    os_timer_arm(&s_udpDevInfoTimer, UDP_DEV_INFO_PERIOD, true);
}

/**
 @brief 停止UDP广播设备信息的定时器
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
stopUdpDeviceInfoTimer(void)
{
    os_timer_disarm(&s_udpDevInfoTimer);
}

/**
 @brief UDP广播设备信息定时器的回调函数
 @param 无
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
udpDeviceInfoTimerCallback(void)
{
    uint8 connectApStatus = wifi_station_get_connect_status();                      // 获取STA模式下连接路由状态

    if(s_udpDevInfoSendCount > 60)
    {
        stopUdpDeviceInfoTimer();
        return ;
    }

    if(connectApStatus == STATION_GOT_IP)
    {
        wifi_set_broadcast_if(STATIONAP_MODE);                                      // STA和AP模式都UDP广播

        struct ip_info ipInfo;
        wifi_get_ip_info(STATION_IF, &ipInfo);                                      // 查询 WIFI被分配的IP地址
        const char udpRemoteIp[4] = { 192, 168, ip4_addr3(&ipInfo.ip), 255 };       // 目标IP地址（广播）
        os_memcpy(s_devInfoUdpEspconn.proto.udp->remote_ip, udpRemoteIp, 4);

        char sendData[UDP_SEND_BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
        jsonPackageDeviceInfo(sendData);
        espconn_send(&s_devInfoUdpEspconn, sendData, strlen(sendData));             // UDP发送数据

        s_udpDevInfoSendCount++;
    }
}

/**
 @brief JSON格式封装设备信息
 @param pSendData -[in&out] 要封装的发送数据
 @return 无
*/
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
jsonPackageDeviceInfo(char *pSendData)
{
    if(!pSendData)
    {
        return ;
    }

    cJSON *pRoot = cJSON_CreateObject();

    uint8 ip[21] = {0};
    uint8 wifiMac[23] = {0};

    struct ip_info ipconfig;
    wifi_get_ip_info(STATION_IF, &ipconfig);                    // 查询 WIFI被分配的IP地址
    os_sprintf(ip, IPSTR, IP2STR(&ipconfig.ip));

    uint8 macAddr[23] = {0};
    wifi_get_macaddr(STATION_IF, macAddr);                          // 获取STA模式的MAC地址
    os_sprintf(wifiMac, MACSTR, MAC2STR(macAddr));                      // MAC地址

    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(pRoot, "status", 0x01);
    cJSON_AddNumberToObject(pRoot, "send_times", s_udpDevInfoSendCount);
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(pRoot, "ip", ip);
    cJSON_AddStringToObject(pRoot, "wifi_mac", wifiMac);
    char *tempBuffer = cJSON_Print(pRoot);
    os_sprintf(pSendData, "%s", tempBuffer);

    os_free((void *) tempBuffer);
    cJSON_Delete(pRoot);
}

• 由 Leung 写于 2019 年 9 月 10 日

• 参考：Esp8266学习之旅⑦ 了解softAP热点配网模式原理
　　　　设备配网技术之AP配网