以列的（列名，列的类型。列值）的形式构成的分布式数据集，按照列赋予不同名称，约等于关系数据库的数据表

A DataFrame is a Dataset organized into named columns. It is conceptually equivalent to a table in a relational database or a data frame in R/Python, but with richer optimizations under the hood. DataFrames can be constructed from a wide array of sources such as: structured data files, tables in Hive, external databases, or existing RDDs. In Scala and Java, a DataFrame is represented by a Dataset of Rows.
In the Scala API DataFrame is simply a type alias of Dataset[Row].
in Java API, users need to use Dataset<Row> to represent a DataFrame.

API操作

printSchema

打印Schema信息,以树形结构输出

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
    peopleDF.printSchema()
    spark.stop()
  }
}

打印结果

root
 |-- age: long (nullable = true)
 |-- name: string (nullable = true)

show

默认展示20条数据 ，通过参数指定展示的条数

package cn.bx.spark

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
    peopleDF.show(1)
    spark.stop()
  }
}

打印结果

+----+-------+
| age|   name|
+----+-------+
|null|Michael|
+----+-------+
only showing top 1 row

SLECT

指定输出列

package cn.bx.spark

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
   peopleDF.select("name","age").show()
    spark.stop()
  }
}

打印结果

+-------+----+
|   name| age|
+-------+----+
|Michael|null|
|   Andy|  30|
| Justin|  19|
+-------+----+

修改数据

peopleDF.select(peopleDF.col("name"),peopleDF.col("age") + 1).show()

打印结果

+-------+---------+
|   name|(age + 1)|
+-------+---------+
|Michael|     null|
|   Andy|       31|
| Justin|       20|
+-------+---------+

语法糖$

package cn.bx.spark

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
    import spark.implicits._
    peopleDF.select($"name", $"age" + 1).show()
    spark.stop()
  }
}

filter

条件过滤

package cn.bx.spark

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
    peopleDF.filter(peopleDF.col("age")>19).show()
    spark.stop()
  }
}

打印结果

+---+----+
|age|name|
+---+----+
| 30|Andy|
+---+----+

groupBy

package cn.bx.spark

import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

object DataFrameApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().
      appName("DataFrameApp").
      master("local[*]").
      getOrCreate()
    val peopleDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json("resources/people.json")
    peopleDF.groupBy(peopleDF.col("age")).count().show()
    spark.stop()
  }
}

打印结果

+----+-----+
| age|count|
+----+-----+
|  19|    1|
|null|    1|
|  30|    1|
+----+-----+