Python系列之——利用Python实现微博监控

0x00 前言:

前几个星期在写一个微博监控系统可谓是一波三折啊获取到微博后因为一些字符编码问题导致心态爆炸开发中断但是就在昨天发现了另外一个微博的接口

一个手机微博的接口https://m.weibo.cn/ 经过一番测试后认为这个接口满足我的要求就继续完成未完成的使命吧

0x01 分析:

这个接口直接访问的话会有一个302跳转到一个登陆界面

也就是说这里需要先模拟登陆一下才可以访问到微博
抓个包分析了一下

发现只要用户名和密码正确既返回200且json部分的retcode会返回20000000

少了验证码这一大坑那模拟登陆就相当简单啦

登陆完后访问用户主页例如:https://m.weibo.cn/u/3023940914
可以在审查元素的Network模块看到这里用了两个xhr来加载用户信息及微博信息

分别是
https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?type=uid&value=3023940914&containerid=1005053023940914
https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?type=uid&value=3023940914&containerid=1076033023940914
经过测试这个接口直接加上type和value参数访问就相当于第一个接口不必加上containerid参数
而第二个接口的containerid参数则是通过第一个接口获取的

获取到第二个containerid参数访问第二个接口就可以获取到这个uid发布的微博了

返回的是json格式的数据用户的微博信息都在cards列表里每条数据的mblog数组里面包括微博正文、图片、来源与时间等

其中card_type标识的是微博类型例如:文字微博图片微博视频微博转发等经过测试文字微博和图片微博的card_type标识都一样为9

这里初步只开发监控文字和图片微博的功能<del>其实就是懒</del>

0x02 开发

首先需要模拟登陆后续的操作都需要基于登陆的格调来进行也是需要在同个会话进行可以使用requests.session() 方法来完成
代码片段:

reqHeaders = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0',
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Referer': 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login',
    'Connection': 'close',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3'
}
loginApi = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login'
loginPostData = {
    'username':userName,
    'password':passWord,
    'savestate':1,
    'r':'',
    'ec':'0',
    'pagerefer':'',
    'entry':'mweibo',
    'wentry':'',
    'loginfrom':'',
    'client_id':'',
    'code':'',
    'qq':'',
    'mainpageflag':1,
    'hff':'',
    'hfp':''
}
#get user session
session = requests.session()
try:
    r = session.post(loginApi,data=loginPostData,headers=reqHeaders)
    if r.status_code == 200 and json.loads(r.text)['retcode'] == 20000000:
        #successful
        #do someting
    else:
        #Logon failure!
except Exception as e:
    #Logon failure!

登陆完成后就可以拼接用户id访问前面说的第一个接口了
访问完后再拼接containerid参数获取微博信息的json数据
代码片段:

#get user weibo containerid
userInfo 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?uid=%s&type=uid&value=%s'%(wbUserId,wbUserId)
try:
    r = session.get(userInfo,headers=reqHeaders)
    for i in r.json()['tabsInfo']['tabs']:
        if i['tab_type'] == 'weibo':
            conId = i['containerid']
except Exception as e:
    #failure!
#get user weibo index
weiboInfo = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?uid=%s&type=uid&value=%s&containerid=%s'%(wbUserId,wbUserId,conId)
try:
    r = session.get(weiboInfo,headers=reqHeaders)
    itemIds = []   #WBQueue
    for i in r.json()['cards']:
        if i['card_type'] == 9:
            itemIds.append(i['mblog']['id'])
except Exception as e:
    #failure!

这里把所有获取到的微博的id存起来后面继续访问是发现有新的微博id不在这个列表里就证明是新发布的微博
代码片段:

def startMonitor():
      returnDict = {}
      try:
          r = session.get(weiboInfo,headers=reqHeaders)
          for i in r.json()['cards']:
              if i['card_type'] == 9:
                  if str(i['mblog']['id']) not in itemIds:
                      itemIds.append(i['mblog']['id'])
                      #Got a new weibo
                      #@ return returnDict dict
                      returnDict['created_at'] = i['mblog']['created_at']
                      returnDict['text'] = i['mblog']['text']
                      returnDict['source'] = i['mblog']['source']
                      returnDict['nickName'] = i['mblog']['user']['screen_name']
                      #if has photos
                      if i['mblog'].has_key('pics'):
                          returnDict['picUrls'] = []
                          for j in i['mblog']['pics']:
                              returnDict['picUrls'].append(j['url'])
                      return returnDict
      except Exception as e:
          #failure!

将这些方法封装成了一个类完整代码如下

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author    : 奶权
# Action    : 微博监控
# Desc      : 微博监控主模块

import requests,json,sys
from lxml import etree

class weiboMonitor():
    """
        @   Class self  :
    """
    def __init__(self, ):
        self.session = requests.session()
        self.reqHeaders = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0',
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            'Referer': 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login',
            'Connection': 'close',
            'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3'
        }

    """
        @   Class self  :
        @   String userName  : The username of weibo.cn
        @   String passWord  : The password of weibo.cn
    """
    def login(self, userName, passWord):
        loginApi = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login'
        loginPostData = {
            'username':userName,
            'password':passWord,
            'savestate':1,
            'r':'',
            'ec':'0',
            'pagerefer':'',
            'entry':'mweibo',
            'wentry':'',
            'loginfrom':'',
            'client_id':'',
            'code':'',
            'qq':'',
            'mainpageflag':1,
            'hff':'',
            'hfp':''
        }
        #get user session
        try:
            r = self.session.post(loginApi,data=loginPostData,headers=self.reqHeaders)
            if r.status_code == 200 and json.loads(r.text)['retcode'] == 20000000:
                self.echoMsg('Info','Login successful! UserId:'+json.loads(r.text)['data']['uid'])
            else:
                self.echoMsg('Error','Logon failure!')
                sys.exit()
        except Exception as e:
            self.echoMsg('Error',e)
            sys.exit()

    """
        @   Class self  :
        @   String wbUserId  : The user you want to monitored
    """
    def getWBQueue(self, wbUserId):
        #get user weibo containerid
        userInfo = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?uid=%s&type=uid&value=%s'%(wbUserId,wbUserId)
        try:
            r = self.session.get(userInfo,headers=self.reqHeaders)
            for i in r.json()['tabsInfo']['tabs']:
                if i['tab_type'] == 'weibo':
                    conId = i['containerid']
        except Exception as e:
            self.echoMsg('Error',e)
            sys.exit()
        #get user weibo index
        self.weiboInfo = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?uid=%s&type=uid&value=%s&containerid=%s'%(wbUserId,wbUserId,conId)
        try:
            r = self.session.get(self.weiboInfo,headers=self.reqHeaders)
            self.itemIds = []   #WBQueue
            for i in r.json()['cards']:
                if i['card_type'] == 9:
                    self.itemIds.append(i['mblog']['id'])
            self.echoMsg('Info','Got weibos')
            self.echoMsg('Info','Has %d id(s)'%len(self.itemIds))
        except Exception as e:
            self.echoMsg('Error',e)
            sys.exit()
    """
        @   Class self  :
    """
    def startMonitor(self, ):
        returnDict = {}
        try:
            r = self.session.get(self.weiboInfo,headers=self.reqHeaders)
            for i in r.json()['cards']:
                if i['card_type'] == 9:
                    if str(i['mblog']['id']) not in self.itemIds:
                        self.itemIds.append(i['mblog']['id'])
                        self.echoMsg('Info','Got a new weibo')
                        #@ return returnDict dict
                        returnDict['created_at'] = i['mblog']['created_at']
                        returnDict['text'] = i['mblog']['text']
                        returnDict['source'] = i['mblog']['source']
                        returnDict['nickName'] = i['mblog']['user']['screen_name']
                        #if has photos
                        if i['mblog'].has_key('pics'):
                            returnDict['picUrls'] = []
                            for j in i['mblog']['pics']:
                                returnDict['picUrls'].append(j['url'])
                        return returnDict
            self.echoMsg('Info','Has %d id(s)'%len(self.itemIds))
        except Exception as e:
            self.echoMsg('Error',e)
            sys.exit()

    """
        @   String level   : Info/Error
        @   String msg     : The message you want to show
    """
    def echoMsg(self, level, msg):
        if level == 'Info':
            print '[Info] %s'%msg
        elif level == 'Error':
            print '[Error] %s'%msg

写了个一发现有新微博就发邮件提醒的功能完整代码见Github地址 https://github.com/naiquann/WBMonitor