目录
一、mysql用户管理
二、常用sql语句
三、mysql数据库备份恢复
一、mysql用户管理
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '12345a';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-授予所有权限给user1，指定user1只能通过ip地址127.0.0.1登录，user1认证密码为12345a。
*.* 表示所有的库中所有的表，第一个*表示所有的库，第二个*表示所有的表。
127.0.0.1可以写成%，此时%表示所有的ip。
grant的命令语句不会被记录到命令历史中。
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uuser1 -p12345a
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user1'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
//不指定登录地址时默认会从socket登录
//由于user1用户已被指定使用127.0.0.1地址登录，所以这里无法登录
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uuser1 -p12345a -h127.0.0.1
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 对user1重新授权
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost' identified by '12345a'; //localhost即针对socket
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit //登出mysql时可使用quit、exit或ctrl+d
Bye
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uuser1 -p12345a
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 部分授权
grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.162.130' identified by 'passwd';
授予user2用户对库db1下的所有表拥有SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT权限，限定user2从192.168.31.129登录，登录密码12345a
- 查看授权
mysql> show grants; //默认查看当前登录用户的授权
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user1@localhost |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8CED534B5F3A666C88EF673FF78C45C2A846521D' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show grants for user1@`127.0.0.1`; // 查看指定用户user1的授权
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for user1@127.0.0.1 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8CED534B5F3A666C88EF673FF78C45C2A846521D' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Grants for user1@localhost: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8CED534B5F3A666C88EF673FF78C45C2A846521D'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
即使不知道user1的密码，只要将show grants for user1@127.0.0.1命令显示的grant命令复制，用户名不变，修改地址为localhost后执行就可以让user1@localhost拥有和user1@127.0.0.1相同的密码和权限。
即使不知道user1@localhost的密码，也可以用grant为user1'@'localhost添加权限。
二、常用sql语句
- 查看db表的行数
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.db;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 2 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看mysql库下的db表中的所有数据
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- 查询db表中db字段的值
mysql> select db from mysql.db;
+---------+
| db |
+---------+
| test |
| test\_% |
+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查询db表中db和user字段的值
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
+---------+------+
| db | user |
+---------+------+
| test | |
| test\_% | |
+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 在db表中模糊查询host字段匹配192.168.*的行
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%'\G; //like代表模糊匹配
Empty set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
- 在表中插入数据
mysql> desc db1.t1;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 更改表的某一行
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 清空某个表的数据
mysql> truncate table db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
清空db1库中t1表的全部数据，但表结构仍然保留
- 删除表
mysql> drop table db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 删除数据库
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、mysql数据库备份恢复
- MySQL 备份
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql > /tmp/mysqlbak.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@minglinux-01 ~] ls /tmp/mysqlbak.sql
/tmp/mysqlbak.sql
使用root用户通过socket登录备份数据库中的mysql库，将备份的内容重定向到/tmp/mysqlbak.sql中
- MySQL 恢复
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database mysql2"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql2 < /tmp/mysqlbak.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql2
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.6.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql2 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql2 |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql; //
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看mysql库中的表
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 备份表
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /tmp/user.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- 恢复表
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql2 < /tmp/user.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
备份使用mysqldump，恢复使用mysql。
将mysql下的user表备份重定向为到/tmp/user.sql，然后将其恢复到库mysql2下的user表。
恢复时，若需要恢复的库或表已存在则会先执行drop，再重新创建库或表，然后再一步步插入每一行的数据。
- 备份所有库
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > /tmp/mysql_all.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//-A表示所有库
- 仅备份表结构
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d mysql2 > /tmp/mysql2.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
-d指定只备份表结构，不备份数据
Mysqldump适用于备份量较小时使用，当数据量较大（GB级或以上）时可能会备份的很慢，此时建议使用其他备份工具。
扩展
SQL语句教程 http://www.runoob.com/sql/sql-tutorial.html
什么是事务？事务的特性有哪些？ http://blog.csdn.net/yenange/article/details/7556094
根据binlog恢复指定时间段的数据 https://blog.csdn.net/lilongsy/article/details/74726002
相关扩展 https://blog.csdn.net/linuxheik/article/details/71480882
mysql字符集调整 http://xjsunjie.blog.51cto.com/999372/1355013
使用xtrabackup备份innodb引擎的数据库 innobackupex 备份 Xtrabackup 增量备份 http://zhangguangzhi.top/2017/08/23/innobackex%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BDmysql%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8Dmysql
相关视频
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