面向对象概念：
特性: class object
封装
集成
多态
===
可以给python的对象添加属性。
class Riole:
sex = 'male'
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def shot(self, who):
print "shot %s" %who
r1 = Riole('a')
r1.ax = 'asd'
print r1.ax
print r1.sex
类变量的用途，是大家共有的属性，节省开销。
可以改变对象的类变量，其实是初始化对象时候在内存新给了一个内存地址存放”类变量“，若果类变量是集合形式（列表，字典）类变量是共用的：
class Riole:
sex = 'male'
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def shot(self, who):
print "shot %s" %who
r1 = Riole('a')
r2 = Riole('b')
r1.ax = 'asd'
print r1.ax
r1.sex = 'female'
print r1.sex
print r2.sex
print Riole.sex
这个例子不一样：
class Rio:
num = 0
num_list = []
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
r1 = Rio('a', 1)
r2 = Rio('b', 1)
r3 = Rio('c', 1)
r1.num = 22
r1.num_list.append('a')
r4 = Rio('d', 1)
print r2.num_list
print r4.num_list
构造函数与析构函数：
图片.png
析构函数：在实例释放，销毁的时候执行的，通常用于做一些收尾工作。比如关闭一些数据库链接。
class Person:
cn = 'China'
def __init__(self,name, age, address):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.address = address
def __del__(self):
print 'del self'
析构函数不用传递参数。
在子类新加实例属性：
class People:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def eat(self):
print("%s is eating" %self.name)
def sleep(self):
print("%s is sleeping " %self.name )
class Man(People):
def __init__(self, name, age, money):
#super().__init__(name, age) # or People.__init__(self, name, age) # or super(Man, self).__init__(name, age)
People.__init__(self, name, age)
self.money = money
def piao(self):
print("%s is piaoing" %self.name)
def sleep(self):
People.sleep(self)
print("%s is sleeping very good." %self.name)
注意：上面的:
def sleep(self):
People.sleep(self)
print("%s is sleeping very good." %self.name)
People.sleep(self)调用了父类的sleep方法，注意调用方式。
等价于super().sleep()
经典类与新式类
以后都统一使用新式类的写法，这个是规范。
class Person: # 经典类
class Person(object ): # 新式类
Python 2.x中默认都是经典类，只有显式继承了object才是新式类
Python 3.x中默认都是新式类，不必显式的继承object
object是基类，所有类的基类。
class SchoolMember(object):
=====
类方法：
class Animal(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def talk(self):
pass
@classmethod
def animal_talk(self, obj):
obj.talk()
class Dog(Animal):
def talk(self):
print("往往")
class Cat(Animal):
def talk(self):
print("喵喵")
d = Dog("dog")
c = Cat("cat")
ani = Animal('animal')
Animal.animal_talk(c)
=====
pickle是可以序列化任意对象的。
====
1._function与function:
def default_quota_update(request, **kwargs):
novaclient(request).quota_classes.update(DEFAULT_QUOTA_NAME, **kwargs)
def _get_usage_marker(usage):
marker = None
if hasattr(usage, 'server_usages') and usage.server_usages:
marker = usage.server_usages[-1].get('instance_id')
return marker
带下划线的函数，是私有函数，使用import的时候，导入不进去。
