Centos7二进制部署k8s（三）

安装包：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1cDB8AC2mclIss6Fepw9Xaw
提取码: wfpu

在部署Kubernetes之前一定要确保etcd、flannel、docker是正常工作的，否则先解决问题再继续。

3.1 生成证书

创建CA证书：

# cat << Rainy > ca-config.json 
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
Rainy

# cat << Rainy > ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "DaLian",
            "ST": "DaLian",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
Rainy


[root@k8s-master ssl]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] generate received request
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] received CSR
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/05/28 14:20:58 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 27805327042003841885602678838302617605516095789

生成apiserver证书：

# cat << Rainy > server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "22.22.22.10",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "DaLian",
            "ST": "DaLian",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
Rainy

[root@k8s-master ssl]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [INFO] generate received request
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [INFO] received CSR
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 105181185567179413487695400768822969596658874128
2019/05/28 14:22:45 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

生成kube-proxy证书：

 # cat << Rainy > kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "DaLian",
      "ST": "DaLian",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
Rainy

[root@k8s-master ssl]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [INFO] generate received request
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [INFO] received CSR
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 231252524183126754847481635608369729284559413614
2019/05/28 14:24:14 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

最终生成以下证书文件：

[root@k8s-master ssl]# ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

3.2 部署apiserver组件

[root@k8s-master k8s1.13]# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
将证书放在kubernetes的证书文件中
[root@k8s-master ssl]# cp *pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master k8s1.13]# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master k8s1.13]# cd kubernetes/server/bin
[root@k8s-master bin]#  cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin

创建token文件

[root@k8s-master bin]# cat << Rainy > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
Rainy

第一列：随机字符串，自己可生成
第二列：用户名
第三列：UID
第四列：用户组

创建apiserver配置文件：

[root@k8s-master bin]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat  /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://22.22.22.10:2379,https://22.22.22.11:2379,https://22.22.22.12:2379 \
--bind-address=22.22.22.10 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=22.22.22.10 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

配置好前面生成的证书，确保能连接etcd。

参数说明：

—logtostderr 启用日志
—-v 日志等级
—etcd-servers etcd集群地址
—bind-address 监听地址
—secure-port https安全端口
—advertise-address 集群通告地址
—allow-privileged 启用授权
—service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
—enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
—authorization-mode 认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
—enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能，后面会讲到
—token-auth-file token文件
—service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围

systemd管理apiserver：

[root@k8s-master bin]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[root@k8s-master bin]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
# systemctl restart kube-apiserver

部署scheduler组件

创建schduler配置文件：

[root@k8s-master bin]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect"

参数说明：
—master 连接本地apiserver
—leader-elect 当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

systemd管理schduler组件：

[root@k8s-master cfg]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动：

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl restart kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl status kube-scheduler

部署controller-manager组件

创建controller-manager配置文件：

[root@k8s-master cfg]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

systemd管理controller-manager组件：

[root@k8s-master cfg]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl status kube-controller-manager

所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：

将可执行文件路/k8s/kubernetes/ 添加到 PATH 变量中

PATH=/opt/kubernetes/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

[root@k8s-master cfg]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

如上输出说明组件都正常。

在Node节点部署组件

Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet组件想要加入集群，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才能与apiserver通信，当Node节点很多时，签署证书是一件很繁琐的事情，因此有了TLS Bootstrapping机制，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。

认证大致工作流程如图所示：

image.png

将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色(master)

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

[root@k8s-master ssl]# cd /usr/local/src/k8s1.13/kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy 22.22.22.11:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy 22.22.22.12:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# cd /usr/local/src/ssl/
[root@k8s-master ssl]# cat environment.sh 
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
KUBE_APISERVER="https://22.22.22.10:6443"

# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

#----------------------

# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

-----------------------------------结束---------------------------------------

[root@k8s-master ssl]# tail -n 1 /etc/profile
PATH=/opt/kubernetes/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
[root@k8s-master ssl]# source /etc/profile

[root@k8s-master ssl]# sh environment.sh 
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".

[root@k8s-master ssl]# ll bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig
-rw-------. 1 root root 2161 5月  28 16:38 bootstrap.kubeconfig
-rw-------. 1 root root 6255 5月  28 16:38 kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下
[root@k8s-master ssl]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 22.22.22.11:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@k8s-master ssl]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 22.22.22.12:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

部署kubelet组件(node操作)

创建kubelet配置文件：

[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=22.22.22.11 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

参数说明：
—hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
—kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置，会自动生成
—bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
—cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
—pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config配置文件如下

[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 22.22.22.11
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

systemd管理kubelet组件：

[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动：

[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]#  systemctl enable kubelet
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]# systemctl restart kubelet

在Master审批Node加入集群：

启动后还没加入到集群中，需要手动允许该节点才可以。
在Master节点查看请求签名的Node：

[root@k8s-master ssl1]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-UkSbyIZ4endWtfIQ-gIl7UPTPwsd4q6KgSAX7eFfi84   117s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

[root@k8s-master ssl1]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-UkSbyIZ4endWtfIQ-gIl7UPTPwsd4q6KgSAX7eFfi84
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-UkSbyIZ4endWtfIQ-gIl7UPTPwsd4q6KgSAX7eFfi84 approved

[root@k8s-master ssl1]#  kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
22.22.22.11   Ready    <none>   22s   v1.13.0

部署kube-proxy组件

创建kube-proxy配置文件：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=22.22.22.11 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

systemd管理kube-proxy组件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-proxy
# systemctl restart kube-proxy

Node2部署方式一样。

查看集群状态

# kubectl get node
NAME             STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
192.168.31.65   Ready     <none>    1d       v1.12.0
192.168.31.66   Ready     <none>    1d       v1.12.0
# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

运行一个测试示例

# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

查看Pod，Service：

# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-64f497f8fd-gmstq   1/1       Running   3          1d
nginx-64f497f8fd-q6wk9   1/1       Running   3          1d
# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                        28d
nginx        NodePort    10.0.0.175   <none>        88:38696/TCP                   28d

访问集群中部署的Nginx，打开浏览器输入：http://192.168.31.66:38696

image.png