VirtualBox+Ubuntu18.04搭建Linux虚拟机运行环境
GTK
GTK+（GIMP Toolkit)是一套源码以LGPL许可协议分发、跨平台的图形工具包。最初是为GIMP写的，已成为一个功能强大、设计灵活的一个通用图形库，是GNU/Linux下开发图形界面的应用程序的主流开发工具之一。并且，GTK+也有Windows版本和Mac OS X版。它支持创建基于 GUI 的应用程序，可以把 GTK+ 想像成一个工具包，从这个工具包中可以找到用来创建 GUI 的许多已经准备好的构造块。
GTK+官方指南：http://zetcode.com/tutorials/gtktutorial/
GTK+的Wiki网址：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK%2B
由于Ubuntu18已经回归到了主流Linux桌面gnome上，所以我们搭建gtk开发环境的时候，不需要再额外安装gnome了。GTK的安装流程：
1）安装GNU编译链接工具
sudo apt-get install build-essential
2）安装gtk，可以使用如下指令同时安装两个版本gtk2和gtk3:
sudo apt-get install gnome-core-devel
如果安装失败，可以直接安装gtk3，命令如下：
sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev
3）安装pkg-config用于自动查找gtk的头文件位置
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
安装完成后，可以使用以下命令来校验安装是否成功，并查看GTK+3.0所包含的所有头文件以及库的路径：
pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0
4）GUI验证
使用官方给出的示例来测试是否能够运行，Getting Started With GTK+，编译指令如下：
gcc main.c -o main `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0`
完成之后打开可执行文件运行查看效果：
特别说明：
如果下载安装失败，建议更换国内软件源：
#阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#网易源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#搜狐源
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb hhttp://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
参考链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/f2b87c33f434
