1.xlswriter简介
点击官方文档了解更多
首先安装
$ pip install XlsxWriter
开始使用
import xlsxwriter
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('hello.xlsx')#文件的名称
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet('新sheet')#新增sheet
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello world')#在A1格子里写入数据
workbook.close()
如果不想新增sheet，二是在原有sheet上操作，可能会用到下面的API：
workbook.worksheets()
worksheets()Return a list of the worksheet objects in the workbook.
| Return type: | A list of worksheet objects. |
Theworksheets()method returns a list of the worksheets in a workbook. This is useful if you want to repeat an operation on each worksheet in a workbook:
for worksheet in workbook.worksheets():
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')
或者
workbook.get_worksheet_by_name()
get_worksheet_by_name(name)
Return a worksheet object in the workbook using the sheetname.
| Parameters: | name (string) – Name of worksheet that you wish to retrieve. |
| Return type: | A worksheet object. |
Theget_worksheet_by_name()method returns the worksheet or chartsheet object with the the givennameorNoneif it isn’t found:
2.xlswriter写入数据
写入数据这块是最麻烦的。首先需要明确xlswriter关于excel单元格的两种标注方法
- A1,G9 这种写法是标准的excel标注法，A-G 分别代表1-7列，1-9是1-9行
- 0,3 这种是数组下标类似的标注法，0，3就代表第一行第四列（0代表第一）
2.1基础的单格写入
写入单个单元格：
worksheet1.write('A1', 123)
或者：
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Hello')
2.2按行、列写入：
write_row(row, col, data[, cell_format])
data = ('Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz')
# Write the data to a sequence of cells.
worksheet.write_row('A1', data)
###另一种写法：
worksheet.write_row(0, 0, data)
##按行写入，会依次写在传入的起点坐标同行的几个单元格
# The above example is equivalent to:
worksheet.write('A1', data[0])
worksheet.write('B1', data[1])
worksheet.write('C1', data[2])
按列写入如下：
write_column(row, col, data[, cell_format])
data = ('Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz')
# Write the data to a sequence of cells.
worksheet.write_column('A1', data)
# The above example is equivalent to:
worksheet.write('A1', data[0])
worksheet.write('A2', data[1])
worksheet.write('A3', data[2])
3.绘制图表
在excel里插入图表，图表的数据来源必须是excel表单中的数据，而不是程序里的数据，这就比较麻烦了，所以必须先写入数据
步骤如下：
- 准备好要写入的数据
- 写入数据
- workbook新增chart对象
- 为chart设置数据源
- 设置chart参数、格式
- 添加chart到sheet里
其中添加数据源add_series这个方法比较复杂，详细描述如下
## chart.add_series()
使用方法
chart.add_series({
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$1:$A$5',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$B$5',
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
#其中坐标的标注还可以以数组的形式，这里描述的是一块区域，从左上角读取到右下角，顺序如下
# [sheetname, first_row, first_col, last_row, last_col]
chart.add_series({
'categories': ['Sheet1', 0, 0, 4, 0],
'values': ['Sheet1', 0, 1, 4, 1],
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
The series options that can be set are:
* `values`: 要显示的数据是什么
* `categories`: This sets the chart category labels. The category is more or less the same as the X axis. In most chart types the `categories` property is optional and the chart will just assume a sequential series from `1..n`. 显示数据的标签是什么，默认从1-n
* `data_labels`: Set data labels for the series. See [Chart series option: Data Labels](http://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/working_with_charts.html#chart-series-option-data-labels).
下面是官方的三个例子
import xlsxwriter
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_pie.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.准备数据源
headings = ['Category', 'Values']
data = [
['Apple', 'Cherry', 'Pecan'],
[60, 30, 10],
]
#写入数据
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
#######################################################################
#
# Create a new chart object.
#
chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'pie'})
# Configure the series. Note the use of the list syntax to define ranges:
chart1.add_series({
'name': 'Pie sales data',
'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 3, 0],
'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 1, 3, 1],
})
# Add a title.
chart1.set_title({'name': 'Popular Pie Types'})
# Set an Excel chart style. Colors with white outline and shadow.
chart1.set_style(10)
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('C2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
#######################################################################
#
# Create a Pie chart with user defined segment colors.
#
# Create an example Pie chart like above.
chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'pie'})
# Configure the series and add user defined segment colors.
chart2.add_series({
'name': 'Pie sales data',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
'points': [
{'fill': {'color': '#5ABA10'}},
{'fill': {'color': '#FE110E'}},
{'fill': {'color': '#CA5C05'}},
],
})
# Add a title.
chart2.set_title({'name': 'Pie Chart with user defined colors'})
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('C18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
#######################################################################
#
# Create a Pie chart with rotation of the segments.
#
# Create an example Pie chart like above.
chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'pie'})
# Configure the series.
chart3.add_series({
'name': 'Pie sales data',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
})
# Add a title.
chart3.set_title({'name': 'Pie Chart with segment rotation'})
# Change the angle/rotation of the first segment.
chart3.set_rotation(90)
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('C34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
4.与pandas结合使用
pandas 可以很方便的 使用 toexcel方法把数据导出到excel的sheet里，但是这样并不能指定导出的区域，如果想结合着使用，可以先使用pandas导出数据，然后利用xlswriter来接着读写数据。
其中怎么来获得toexcel生成的文件的workbook呢，方法是：
# Create a Pandas Excel writer using XlsxWriter as the engine.
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('pandas_chart.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter')
# Convert the dataframe to an XlsxWriter Excel object.
df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1')
# Get the xlsxwriter workbook and worksheet objects.
workbook = writer.book
worksheet = writer.sheets['Sheet1']
下面是一个实用的列子：
import pandas as pd
# Create a Pandas dataframe from some data.
df = pd.DataFrame({'Data': [10, 20, 30, 20, 15, 30, 45]})
# Create a Pandas Excel writer using XlsxWriter as the engine.
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('pandas_chart.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter')
# Convert the dataframe to an XlsxWriter Excel object.
df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1')
# Get the xlsxwriter workbook and worksheet objects.
workbook = writer.book
worksheet = writer.sheets['Sheet1']
# Create a chart object.
chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# Configure the series of the chart from the dataframe data.
chart.add_series({'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$8'})
# Insert the chart into the worksheet.
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart)
# Close the Pandas Excel writer and output the Excel file.
writer.save()
