这是YouTube上的一个演讲总结，主题为“study less study smart”让你花费更少的时间，反而取得更好的学习成效。
《Study Less Study Smart A 6 minutes Summary of Marty Lobdell's Lecture》
The human brain is very good at recognizing things.We can recognize people's face ,even if we haven't seen them in a long time.But the diffetence between recognition(认出)and recollection(记忆)is that recognition requires an initial(最初的，开始的) trigger(启动装置，诱因)，a cue(提示，暗示信号).If you're in a test ,there's no trigger or cue.You have to actually pull it forth from your memory.Test and sure that you're actually recalling something,instead of just recognizing it,you need to quiz yourself.You need to do active studying and active learning.
人类的大脑十分擅长于识别事物，我们可以认出人们的脸，即使我们很久都没见过他们了。但是，识别和回忆之间的区别在于，识别需要一个最初的引发，一个提示、暗示。如果你处在一场考试中，就并没有引发和提示，你必须得从你的记忆中提取出来。测试，以确定你是真正在回忆，而不仅仅是认出来，你需要自我检测，你需要积极的学，积极的去把它学会。
The 4th tip is to take more effective notes,and he's really brief on(分析阐述了)this one.Basically(主要地)，he says,after class,as soon as possible,and truly as soon as possible,flesh out(充实) your notes a bit.Add some more to them so you can actually solidify(使固化，具体化，使成型)the concepts(印象，概念)on your mind.If you're fuzy(模糊不清的)on something,ask anothef classmate who also took good notes,or go to office hours,or wait until the next lecture and ask the proffessor before he starts if he can clarify(使清楚)something that you don't really have a good grasp on(掌握).
第4个小窍门是多做有效的笔记，他特别分析阐述了这一点。主要他说,上完课之后，尽可能快、真的要尽可能赶快的充实一下你的笔记。多补充一些笔记，这样着实可以使你脑海中的概念固化、具体化。如果你有模糊不清的地方，问问其他同样笔记记得好的同学，或者，在办公时间或是一直等到下节课课前问你的教授，如果他能给你讲清楚你还没能很好掌握的东西的话。
The 5th tip is the summarize(总结，概述)or teach what you learned.He says the best way to actually learn something is to teach it.The reason for this is two folds.Number1,it's a great form of active studying,because you're forcing your brain to recall all the information so you can basically(主要的，基本的)summarize it for somebody.Number2,you're really making sure that you fully understand the subject.If you're explaining it to somebody who has absolutely no idea about the topic,and they're coming at it from a beginner's perspective(观点),then you're really going to have an easy time of pinpointing(准确指出)gaps(缺口，漏洞)in your own understanding.
第5个小贴士:总结阐述或把你学会的教给别人。他说学东西最好的方式就是“教”，原因有两层。第一，这是积极学习的一个很好的形式，因为你要强迫大脑去回忆所有信息这样你才能基本上总结阐述给他人。第二，你得确信你自己可以完全理解，如果你对一个完全不懂这个话题的人进行讲解，他们从一个初学者的观点出发，这时你就可以按你自己的理解轻轻松松的准确指出其缺漏了。
Tip number 6 is to use your textbooks correctly.In this part of the lecture,he goes over the SQ3R method(方法论)which stand for(代表)'survey','question','read','recite'&
'review'.As I talked about in my active reading video,I think overarching(非常重要的，首要的)systems like this are actually kind of cumbersome(冗繁复杂的)and time consuming.But I do think it's important that you take individual(独特的，与众不同的)portions(部分)of these systems and see if they're worth it for your studying methods.As an example,the survey portion of SQ3R,surveying the chapter before you read it,and especially going to the end looking at the review question and the vocabulary,can really prime(使提前做好准备)your brain for picking out(了解，挑出)the most important information when you actually do the reading.
第六，正确使用课本。
在讲座的这一部分，他转为说了SQ3R学习法.代表“观”、“疑”、“读”、“背”、“顾”。就像我在我那个积极阅读的视频里说到的那样，我认为像这种所谓的首要理论实在是有点复杂，而且浪费时间。但我的确觉得，采用下这个理论里特别的部分，然后看看，它们是否值得作为你的学习方法，这是十分重要的。举个例子，SQ3R中的“Survey”,在你细读之前先总观一下章回，然后特别翻到最后看习题和词汇表，这样你的大脑就好提前做出准备，当你真正阅读的时候为你挑出最重要的信息。
Dr.Lobdell's 7th and final tip is to use mnemonics(助记符号，记忆术)when you study facts.Now,facts, as opposed to(相对于)concepts,are a lot harder to tie(联系，连接)actually meaning to,and as a result,a lot of students often turn to simple rote(死记硬背)memorization(识记)to remember them,but a better way to go about it is to us mnemonics. A mnemonics is really any system that facilitates(促进，使便利)recall,but he goes over 3 specific(具体的)types of mnemonics in the video.
第7，也是最后一条:当你学习事实的时候，运用记忆术。事实相对于概念在与意义的连接上要困难的多。结果造成许多学生通常选择简单的死记硬背的记诵去记忆它们，然而一个更好的方法去记东西就是运用我们的记忆术。任何促进你回忆的系统方式都可以叫记忆术。他在视频中说了3种具体类型的记忆术。
Those 3 are acronyms(首字母缩写),things like Roy G.Biv for remembering the color spectrum(光谱).Coined(创造),saying(格言，谚语),things like,in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue,and the third one,which both I and Dr.Lobdell think is the best one,image associations(图像关联). Create a ridiculous pictures or story in your head.The more emotionally(有感染力的),evocative(引起记忆的，唤起感情的)or weired it is,the more easily you are going to be able to recall that piece of information.
这三种，一个是用首字母缩写，就好比用Roy G.Biv来记光谱。一个是创造谚语顺口溜，类似于“1492哥伦布发现了新大陆”这种。第三个，是我和Lobdell博士都认为是最棒的一个:图像关联。在你脑海中创造出一个荒诞的图像或者故事，越有感染力，越能唤起记忆，越怪的，就越容易让你能够回想出这部分的信息。
资料来源:YouTube
原创翻译:小徽公子
