HTTPS 化
近日，谷歌工程师宣布将在2018年第二季度发布的Chrome 67中禁止一切使用不安全来源的呈现API(Presentation API)。
Presentation API, 即呈现API，是一个能使网页内容访问演示文稿显示并呈现自身的W3C标准技术。它允许设备在第二屏幕上显示内容，例如投影机或电视机。 Presentation API更显着的用途之一是谷歌在Chrome，Android和Chrome Cast设备上提供的“Casting”功能。
Let's Encrypt
https://letsencrypt.org/
Let's Encrypt 项目由 EFF、 Mozilla、Akamai、密歇根大学和思科等组织发起，由非营利组织互联网安全研究集团（Internet Security Research Group）经营，其使命是让每个网站都能使用 HTTPS 加密。
Let's Encrypt 项目宣布它已签发了超过 1 亿个证书。
图片.png
下载客户端
wget https://github.com/certbot/certbot/archive/v0.15.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf v0.15.0.tar.gz
cd certbot-0.15.0
三种安装模式
./letsencrypt-auto --help
Manual
// 在非目标服务器上执行模式
--manual Obtain certificates interactively, or using shell script hooks
执行如下命令
./letsencrypt-auto certonly --manual -d gg.fabself.net
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for gg.fabself.net
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
your server, please ensure you're okay with that.
Are you OK with your IP being logged?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Y)es/(N)o:Y
Yes 过后有如下提示：
Make sure your web server displays the following content at
http://gg.fabself.net/.well-known/acme-challenge/LX_kS_OyVVNdeEI3aDRjXP4-eHFRNhh1JMDuePhKVgw before continuing:
LX_kS_OyVVNdeEI3aDRjXP4-eHFRNhh1JMDuePhKVgw.3h_8AoI_OjBsHFko6XV4wNW6f_WlyXhoaEsne5R6Zw0
If you don't have HTTP server configured, you can run the following
command on the target server (as root):
mkdir -p /tmp/certbot/public_html/.well-known/acme-challenge
cd /tmp/certbot/public_html
printf "%s" LX_kS_OyVVNdeEI3aDRjXP4-eHFRNhh1JMDuePhKVgw.3h_8AoI_OjBsHFko6XV4wNW6f_WlyXhoaEsne5R6Zw0 > .well-known/acme-challenge/LX_kS_OyVVNdeEI3aDRjXP4-eHFRNhh1JMDuePhKVgw
# run only once per server:
$(command -v python2 || command -v python2.7 || command -v python2.6) -c \
"import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer; \
s = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('', 80), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler); \
s.serve_forever()"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Press Enter to Continue
在回车之前，按以上提示登录到 目标服务器，执行以上脚本
再回到操作机器上回车，可以看到如下：
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
/etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/fullchain.pem. Your cert will
expire on 2017-10-01. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this
certificate in the future, simply run letsencrypt-auto again. To
non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"letsencrypt-auto renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
证书已经签好，并放在了指定目录下 /etc/letsencrypt/live
tree 一下看看文件列表
sudo tree /etc/letsencrypt/live/
/etc/letsencrypt/live/
└── gg.fabself.net
├── README
├── cert.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/cert1.pem
├── chain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/chain1.pem
├── fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/fullchain1.pem
└── privkey.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/privkey1.pem
Standalone
//在目标主机上操作模式
--standalone Run a standalone webserver for authentication
执行如下命令，执行命令之前确保 nginx／Apache 已关闭
./letsencrypt-auto certonly --standalone -d gg.fabself.net
很速度
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
tls-sni-01 challenge for gg.fabself.net
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
/etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/fullchain.pem. Your cert will
expire on 2017-10-01. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this
certificate in the future, simply run letsencrypt-auto again. To
non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"letsencrypt-auto renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
sudo tree /etc/letsencrypt/live
/etc/letsencrypt/live
`-- gg.fabself.net
|-- cert.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/cert1.pem
|-- chain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/chain1.pem
|-- fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/fullchain1.pem
|-- privkey.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/privkey1.pem
`-- README
Webroot
//在目标主机上，nginx/Apache 启动的状态下，指定文件目录操作模式
--webroot Place files in a server's webroot folder for authentication
执行如下命令
./letsencrypt-auto certonly --webroot -w /usr/share/nginx/html -d gg.fabself.net
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for gg.fabself.net
Using the webroot path /usr/share/nginx/html for all unmatched domains.
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
/etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/fullchain.pem. Your cert will
expire on 2017-10-01. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this
certificate in the future, simply run letsencrypt-auto again. To
non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"letsencrypt-auto renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
sudo tree /etc/letsencrypt/live
/etc/letsencrypt/live
`-- gg.fabself.net
|-- cert.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/cert1.pem
|-- chain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/chain1.pem
|-- fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/fullchain1.pem
|-- privkey.pem -> ../../archive/gg.fabself.net/privkey1.pem
`-- README
证书部署
证书描述
cert.pem 申请的服务器证书文件
privkey.pem 服务器证书对应的私钥
chain.pem 除服务器证书外，浏览器解析所需的其他全部证书，比如根证书和中间证书
fullchain.pem 包含服务器证书的全部证书链文件
** nginx 配置**
打开 nginx.conf，配置 443 端口及证书路径
server {
listen 443;
server_name gg.fabself.net;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/privkey.pem;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
配置 80 端口重定向至 433
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
server_name gg.fabself.net;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
就这样简单，HTTPS 配置成功
图片.png
证书有效期 90 天
更新证书
自动更新需要在 目标主机 上进行，选用 standalone 或 Webroot模式比较适用
./letsencrypt-auto renew
如果提示如下，说明证书还没有过期，就耐心等待
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/gg.fabself.net.conf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cert not yet due for renewal
The following certs are not due for renewal yet:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/gg.fabself.net/fullchain.pem (skipped)
No renewals were attempted.
考虑更自动化的方式，可以把 `./letsencrypt-auto renew` 加入到 `crontab` 中，可以每天更新两次保障