1. 环境准备
成功启动HBase，假如你还没有成功地部署HBase，可以先看下：HBase部署入门指南
2. HBase Shell 练习
2.1 基本操作
1）成功启动HBase之后，想要使用HBase Shell ，得输入命令行：hbase shell 并且控制台成功打印以下信息：
备注:写错 HBase Shell 命令时将光标移动到你要删除的字符上，按下‘Backspace’或者‘Delete’删除
2）输入help命令查看 ‘COMMAND’ ：hbase(main):001:0> help
3）输入 version 查看HBase 版本
hbase(main):003:0> version
0.98.23-hadoop2, r44c724b56dc1431209f561cb997fce805f9f45f9, Wed Oct 5 01:05:05 UTC 2016
2.2 DDL 操作
1）创建和删除表格
创建
create 'student','info','address','score'
删除表格之前先要disabled
disabled 'student'
drop 'student'
2）查看表格描述
describe 'student'
如下：
hbase(main):015:0> describe 'student'
Table student is ENABLED
student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETE
D_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_C
ELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'score', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_
CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
3 row(s) in 0.0900 seconds
3）修改表格（schema）
alter 'student',NAME=>'info',VERSIONS => 5
查询结果如下：
hbase(main):012:0> describe 'student'
Table student is ENABLED
student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '1', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', KEEP_DELETE
D_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '5', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', KEEP_DELETED_C
ELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
{NAME => 'score', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '1', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', KEEP_DELETED_
CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}
3 row(s) in 0.0740 seconds
注意上下两个查询中黑体字的对比
2.3 DML操作
1）插入数据：put
put 'student','xiaoming','info:age',18
put 'student','xiaoming','info:birthday','1990-12-12'
put 'student','xiaoming','info:school','beijingdaxue'
put 'student','xiaoming','address:country','china'
put 'student','xiaoming','address:province','guangdong'
put 'student','xiaoming','address:city','shenzhen'
2）全盘扫描：scan
2.1）获得整个表格的数据
scan 'student'
2.2）查询某一列的数据：scan
scan 'student' {COLUMNS => 'info:birthday'}
注意：如果你不知道scan还有那些方法可以使用，你可以输入 scan help，然后系统就会告诉你出错，并且告诉你正确的多重输入指令
3）get：获得数据
3.1）获得某一行数据
get 'student','xiaoming'
3.2）获得某行某列族数据
get 'student','xiaoming','info'
3.3）获得某行某列族某列数据
get 'student','xiaoming','info:age'
3.4）获得某行某列族某列的多个版本数据
先插入数据：
put 'student','xiaoming','info:age',100,123456789
put 'student','xiaoming','info:age',158,12313213132212321
再查询数据：
get 'student','xiaoming',{COLUMN => 'info:age',TIMERANGE =>[0,123132131322123211],VERSIONS =>5}
结果如下：
更多关于get的命令如下，大家有时间可以多敲敲
常用get命令格式：
hbase> get 'ns1:t1', 'r1'
hbase> get 't1', 'r1'
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {TIMERANGE => [ts1, ts2]}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1'}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMERANGE => [ts1, ts2], VERSIONS => 4}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1, VERSIONS => 4}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {FILTER => "ValueFilter(=, 'binary:abc')"}
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', 'c1'
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'c2'
hbase> get 't1', 'r1', ['c1', 'c2']
hbase> get 't1','r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', ATTRIBUTES => {'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> get 't1','r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', AUTHORIZATIONS => ['PRIVATE','SECRET']}
4）更新数据
put 'student','xiaoming','info:age',100
再查询info:age
get 'student','xiaoming','info:age'
更多关于put的命令如下，大家有时间多敲敲
hbase> put 'ns1:t1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value'
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{'mykey'=>'myvalue'}}
hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>'PRIVATE|SECRET'}
5）统计：统计有多少行
count 'student'
6）删除数据
6.1）删除student表中'xiaoming'行中的info:school中的值
delete 'student','xiaoming','info:school'
再查询：
get 'student','xiaoming','info:school'
6.2）删除整行
deleteall 'student','xiaoming'
再查询：
scan 'student'
更多删除全部命令如下：
hbase> deleteall 'ns1:t1', 'r1'
hbase> deleteall 't1', 'r1'
hbase> deleteall 't1', 'r1', 'c1'
hbase> deleteall 't1', 'r1', 'c1', ts1
hbase> deleteall 't1', 'r1', 'c1', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>'PRIVATE|SECRET'}
7）创建 “对象”
hbase> t = get_table 't'
hbase> t.scan
get 的命令：
hbase> t.get 'r1'
hbase> t.get 'r1', {TIMERANGE => [ts1, ts2]}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1'}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {COLUMN => ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMERANGE => [ts1, ts2], VERSIONS => 4}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1, VERSIONS => 4}
hbase> t.get 'r1', {FILTER => "ValueFilter(=, 'binary:abc')"}
hbase> t.get 'r1', 'c1'
hbase> t.get 'r1', 'c1', 'c2'
hbase> t.get 'r1', ['c1', 'c2']
例子：
t.get 'xiaoming', {COLUMNS => 'info:age'}
8）分区
hbase(main):002:0> create 'people','info',SPLITS=>['10','20','30','40']
0 row(s) in 0.4970 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - people
hbase> create 'ns1:t1', 'f1', SPLITS => ['10', '20', '30', '40']
hbase> create 't1', 'f1', SPLITS => ['10', '20', '30', '40']
hbase> create 't1', 'f1', SPLITS_FILE => 'splits.txt', OWNER => 'johndoe'
hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5}, METADATA => { 'mykey' => 'myvalue' }
hbase> # Optionally pre-split the table into NUMREGIONS, using
hbase> # SPLITALGO ("HexStringSplit", "UniformSplit" or classname)
hbase> create 't1', 'f1', {NUMREGIONS => 15, SPLITALGO => 'HexStringSplit'}
hbase> create 't1', 'f1', {NUMREGIONS => 15, SPLITALGO => 'HexStringSplit', REGION_REPLICATION => 2, CONFIGURATION => {'hbase.hregion.scan.loadColumnFamiliesOnDemand' => 'true'}}
其他命令的格式都跟get的一样，请自行修改即可
