揭开tomcat神秘的面纱之启动脚本

在启动tomcat的过程中，在linux下，我们会使用bin/startup.sh脚本，在windows下开发的过程中一般会使用bin/start.bat脚本。
本菜鸟在mac下启动如下：

jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$ ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH:       /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

启动之后，看进程

jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$ ps -ef |grep java
  501 24718     1   0  2:58PM ttys001    0:20.08 
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java 
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/conf/logging.properties 
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager 
-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 
-Djava.endorsed.dirs=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/endorsed 
-classpath /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 
-Dcatalina.base=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Dcatalina.home=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

简单来看，startup.sh脚本就是执行了一个java org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start命令，简单来说，和我们跑一个main方法没什么区别。
最后，看一下startup.sh脚本究竟是些啥？

揭开`startup.sh`的头盖骨

#!/bin/sh
os400=false  
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac
PRG="$0" #读取脚本名          
while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done
#上面循环语句的意思是保证文件路径不是一个连接，使用循环直至找到文件原地址
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"` #获取这个脚本的目录
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh #可执行脚本实质是catalina.sh
if $os400; then
  eval
else
  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
    exit 1
  fi
fi
  #判断脚本catalina.sh是否存在并有可执行权限，没有执行权限就退出 
exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@"

将脚本加了一些注释，看起来更加清楚：

os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac
PRG="$0"
echo "PRG=$PRG"
while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
echo "可执行脚本的最终文件路径位置为：PRGDIR=$PRGDIR"
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
if $os400; then
  eval
else
  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
    exit 1
  fi
fi
echo "最终执行的脚本为$PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE start $@"
exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@"

执行结果为:

jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$ ./startup.sh
PRG=./startup.sh
可执行脚本的最终文件路径位置为：PRGDIR=.
最终执行的脚本为./catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH:       /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$

可以看到，最终执行的脚本为catalina.sh

继续揭开`catalina.sh`的头盖骨

本菜鸟在catalina.sh脚本中，添加了一些日志，看起来更加方便

echo "catalina.sh is handling"
cygwin=false    #windows平台上运行的类UNIX模拟环境
darwin=false   #macOS
os400=false   #小型机
hpux=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
Darwin*) darwin=true;;
OS400*) os400=true;;
HP-UX*) hpux=true;;
esac

PRG="$0"  #此处的RPG抓取的是文件名，因为可能是符号链接，所以下面循环语句的作用就是找到文件真实源路径

while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done

PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：PRGDIR=$PRGDIR"

[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
[ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
#上面两个语句判断变量$CATALINA_HOME和$CATALINA_BASE是否存在，不存在则给予附值
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME"
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE"
CLASSPATH=

# 设置用来初始化SystemClassLoader的CLASSPATH变量：通过执行脚本setclasspath.sh完成
# 注意：脚本setclasspath.sh改变了原来的$CLASSPATH变量，而把它设为：
# CLASSPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
# 其中bootstrap.jar是package org.apache.catalina.startup的打包文件，
# 含有启动方法org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(String[] args)
# tools.jar含有javac编译器，用来把jsp文件编译成为servlet class
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
  . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
  . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi

# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
if $cygwin; then
  [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
  [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"`
  [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
fi

# For OS400
if $os400; then
  COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'
  system $COMMAND

  # Enable multi threading
  export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
fi

if $os400; then
  . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
else
  if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
    . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
  else
    echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"
    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
    exit 1
  fi
fi



#将变量赋值
if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then
  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":
fi
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar
#指定classPath路径
#指定日志输出路径
if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; then
  CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
fi
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_OUT=$CATALINA_OUT"

if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then
  CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp
fi

#将tomcat-juli.jar加入到classPath路径上去
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then
  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
else
  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
fi
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH"
#获取当前shell运行的终端设备
have_tty=0
if [ "`tty`" != "not a tty" ]; then
    have_tty=1
fi

# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if $cygwin; then
  JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
  JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"`
  CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`
  CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"`
  CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"`
  CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
  JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
fi

if [ -z "$JSSE_OPTS" ] ; then
  JSSE_OPTS="-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
fi

JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $JSSE_OPTS"
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：JAVA_OPTS=$JAVA_OPTS"
#确认$LOGGING_MANAGER变量
if [ -z "$LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
  if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; then
    LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
  else
    # Bugzilla 45585
    LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
  fi
fi

if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then
  LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
fi
echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：LOGGING_CONFIG=$LOGGING_CONFIG"

if [ -z "$USE_NOHUP" ]; then
    if $hpux; then
        USE_NOHUP="true"
    else
        USE_NOHUP="false"
    fi
fi
unset _NOHUP
if [ "$USE_NOHUP" = "true" ]; then
    _NOHUP=nohup
fi

if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
  echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"
  echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME"
  echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR"
  if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
    echo "Using JAVA_HOME:       $JAVA_HOME"
  else
    echo "Using JRE_HOME:        $JRE_HOME"
  fi
  echo "Using CLASSPATH:       $CLASSPATH"
  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    echo "Using CATALINA_PID:    $CATALINA_PID"
  fi
fi

#获取第一次参数，jpda在后面的说明为：jpda start  JPDA调试模式
if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then
  if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then
    JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket"
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then
    JPDA_ADDRESS="8000"     #设置调试端口
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; then
    JPDA_SUSPEND="n"
  fi
  if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then  #调试参数设置
    JPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND"
  fi
  CATALINA_OPTS="$JPDA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS"
  shift
fi

if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then #单步调试
  if $os400; then
    echo "Debug command not available on OS400"
    exit 1
  else
    shift
    if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
      if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
        echo "Using Security Manager"
      fi
      shift
      exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
        -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
        -Djava.security.manager \
        -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \
        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
    else
      exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
        -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
    fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then  #run命令处理

  shift
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
      echo "Using Security Manager"
    fi
    shift
    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
      -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Djava.security.manager \
      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
  else
    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
      -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then  #start命令 也就是启动命令

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then 
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        echo "Existing PID file found during start."
        if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
          PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
          ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
          if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
            echo "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted."
            echo "If the following process is not a Tomcat process, remove the PID file and try again:"
            ps -f -p $PID
            exit 1
          else
            echo "Removing/clearing stale PID file."
            rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [ $? != 0 ]; then
              if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
              else
                echo "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted."
                exit 1
              fi
            fi
          fi
        else
          echo "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      else
        rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? != 0 ]; then
          if [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
            echo "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted."
            exit 1
          fi
        fi
      fi
    fi
  fi

  shift
  touch "$CATALINA_OUT"   #创建日志文件
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
      echo "Using Security Manager"
    fi
    shift
    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
      -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Djava.security.manager \
      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"
      echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本："
      echo "$_NOHUP $_RUNJAVA $LOGGING_CONFIG $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS  -Djava.endorsed.dirs=$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS  -classpath $CLASSPATH -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy==\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"“
      echo "-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\" -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\" -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start  >> \"$CATALINA_OUT\" 2>&1 \"&\"" 


  else
    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
      -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"
      echo "catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本："
       echo "$_NOHUP $_RUNJAVA $LOGGING_CONFIG $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS -classpath $CLASSPATH -Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE -Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME -Djava.io.tmpdir=$CATALINA_TMPDIR org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start  >> $CATALINA_OUT 2>&1 &"  
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    echo $! > "$CATALINA_PID"
  fi

  echo "Tomcat started."
#如果是stop处理
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then

  shift

  SLEEP=5
  if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
    echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
      SLEEP=$1
      shift
    fi
  fi

  FORCE=0
  if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
    shift
    FORCE=1
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          echo "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      else
        echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored."
      fi
    else
      echo "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi

  eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \
    -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
    -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
    -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
    -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop

  # stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill.
  if [ $? != 0 ]; then
    if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      echo "The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal."
      kill -15 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
    fi
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do
        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
          if [ $? != 0 ]; then
            if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
              cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
              # If Tomcat has stopped don't try and force a stop with an empty PID file
              FORCE=0
            else
              echo "The PID file could not be removed or cleared."
            fi
          fi
          echo "Tomcat stopped."
          break
        fi
        if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then
          sleep 1
        fi
        if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then
          echo "Tomcat did not stop in time."
          if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "PID file was not removed."
          fi
          echo "To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out."
          kill -3 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
        fi
        SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 `
      done
    fi
  fi

  KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5
  if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then
    if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      echo "Kill failed: \$CATALINA_PID not set"
    else
      if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
        echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID"
        kill -9 $PID
        while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do
            kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
                rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
                if [ $? != 0 ]; then
                    if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                        cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
                    else
                        echo "The PID file could not be removed."
                    fi
                fi
                echo "The Tomcat process has been killed."
                break
            fi
            if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then
                sleep 1
            fi
            KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 `
        done
        if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -lt 0 ]; then
            echo "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE."
        fi
      fi
    fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "configtest" ] ; then

    eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \
      -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtest
    result=$?
    if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Configuration error detected!"
    fi
    exit $result

elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then

    "$_RUNJAVA"   \
      -classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" \
      org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo

else

  echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
  echo "commands:"
  if $os400; then
    echo "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)"
    echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)"
  else
    echo "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger"
    echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager"
  fi
  echo "  jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"
  echo "  run               Start Catalina in the current window"
  echo "  run -security     Start in the current window with security manager"
  echo "  start             Start Catalina in a separate window"
  echo "  start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager"
  echo "  stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end"
  echo "  stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end"
  echo "  stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"
  echo "  stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"
  echo "  configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result"
  echo "  version           What version of tomcat are you running?"
  echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \$CATALINA_PID is defined"
  exit 1
fi

执行结果：

jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$ ./startup.sh
PRG=./startup.sh
可执行脚本的最终文件路径位置为：PRGDIR=.
最终执行的脚本为./catalina.sh start
catalina.sh is handling
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：PRGDIR=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_HOME=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_BASE=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CATALINA_OUT=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/logs/catalina.out
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：CLASSPATH=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：JAVA_OPTS= -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本全路径：LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/conf/logging.properties
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH:       /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
catalina.sh handling 获取执行脚本：
 /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager  -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048  -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/endorsed"" -classpath ""/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"" -Dcatalina.base=""/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76"" -Dcatalina.home=""/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "" start  >> "/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/logs/catalina.out" 2>&1 &"
Tomcat started.

可以看到，在catalina.sh中，组装各种参数，最后执行java org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start命令

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java 
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/conf/logging.properties 
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager  
-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 
-Djava.endorsed.dirs=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/endorsed 
-classpath /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 
-Dcatalina.base=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Dcatalina.home=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp 
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start  >> /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &

这就和控制台进程信息保持一致了。

jetty@zhangbodeMBP:~/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin$ ps -ef |grep java
  501 24718     1   0  2:58PM ttys001    0:20.08 
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java 
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/conf/logging.properties 
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager 
-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 
-Djava.endorsed.dirs=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/endorsed 
-classpath /Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat7.0.76/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 
-Dcatalina.base=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Dcatalina.home=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76 
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/jetty/Documents/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.76/temp
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

最后编辑于：2018.11.04 17:01:38

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