前言

本篇文章用最简单和快速的方法介绍如何在Red Hat Enterprise Linux安装Oracle Instant Client，该方法同样适用于Windows，RHEL5/6/7，OEL，CentOS。Oracle Instant Client是官方免费授权的一种比Oracle Client还要简单的数据库管理工具，通过SQL*Plus或者其它工具比如Navicat等用于快速连接和管理Oracle数据库服务器。

Install Oracle instantclient basic and instantclient sqlplus on Linux and Windows.

更新记录

2017年08月10日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - https://wsgzao.github.io/post/oracle-instant-client/

扩展阅读

Oracle Instant Client Downloads - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

Oracle Instant Client Downloads

文章内容均已64位版本为例，如果客户端有特殊需求请使用32位版本兼容

1. Linux Oracle Instant Client推荐使用RPM方式安装，如果需要定制具体路径可以使用zip包手动配置
2. Windows和Linux类似但需要主要PATH环境变量的配置
3. 实测12版本客户端可以向下兼容11版本的数据库服务器，Oracle Instant Client 12.2.0.1.0，Oracle Database 11.2.0.3.0

下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

百度网盘分流
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1slhoZEH

Linux

以RPM最简方式为例

Preparation

Download all the required RPM from the official site and put them on the target system.
Current RPMs for 64bit are:
oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

Install RPMs

# install as root
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# create oracle group and user
groupadd dba 
useradd -g dba oracle
echo oracle:oracle | chpasswd

# configure profile
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile 

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/
export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/bin:$PATH

# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/oracle@oracapdb

# create new tnsnames.ora
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
vim /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/tnsnames.ora

oracapdb =
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
          (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
   )
)

# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/oracle@//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb

Windows

Windows的配置相比Linux差不多简单，注意环境变量尤其是TNS_ADMIN

Preparation

国外一篇图文并茂的文章写的也很详细，有需要可以参考下
Installing Oracle instantclient basic and instantclient sqlplus on win32
http://www.dbatoolz.com/t/installing-oracle-instantclient-basic-and-instantclient-sqlplus-on-win32.html

Go to Instant Client Downloads for Microsoft Windows download page:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/winsoft.html

unzip files

# 下载解压以下两个包至目录，比如C:\instantclient_12_2
instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

# 设置环境变量
计算机右键【属性】----【高级系统设置】----【环境变量】----【系统变量】----【Path】

# Setup your system %PATH% and %TNS_ADMIN% variables
C:\instantclient_12_2

# Connect to Your database with:
sqlplus system/oracle@oracapdb

# TNS_ADMIN
# ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
Variable Name: TNS_ADMIN
Variable Value: C:\instantclient_12_2

# create new tnsnames.ora
C:\instantclient_12_2\tnsnames.ora

oracapdb =
   (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.70.244)(PORT = 1521))
          (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracapdb)
   )
)

# You can also use the Easy Connect connection string format (does not use TNSNAMES):
sqlplus system/oracle@//172.28.70.244:1521/oracapdb