linux和windows下安装python拓展包-pycharm、numpy、scipy、matplotlib、scikit、gensim、PIL、OpenCV、django、pythonqt...
http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/39902327
安装Python集成开发环境IDE
1.安装pycharm IDE【linux和windows中搭建python开发环境】
2.IPython：方便今后编译其他扩展库，占用空间92.8M：
sudo apt-get install python-dev
IPython
为了安装最新版的IPython 0.13beta，需要下载IPython源代码，并执行安装命令。在IPython 0.13beta中提供了改进版本的IPython notebook。下面的命令首先安装版本管理软件git，然后通过git命令从IPython的开发代码库中下载最新版本的IPython源代码，并执行安装命令：
cd
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/ipython/ipython.git
cd ipython
sudo python setup.py install
如果安装目前的最新稳定版本，可以输入:
sudo apt-get install ipython
安装完毕之后，请输入ipython命令测试是否能正常启动。
为了让IPython notebook工作，还还需要安装tornado和pyzmq：
sudo pip install tornado
sudo apt-get install libzmq-dev
sudo pip install pyzmq
sudo pip install pygments
下面测试IPython：
cd
mkdir notebook
cd notebook
ipython notebook
为了在IPython中离线使用LaTeX数学公式，需要安装mathjax，首先输入下面的命令启动ipython notebook：
sudo ipython notebook
在IPython notebook界面中输入：
from IPython.external.mathjax import install_mathjax
install_mathjax()
[http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/39902327]
FOR LINUX:
和Python(x,y)不一样，在Ubuntu中需要手工安装科学计算的各个模块，下面介绍如何在linux下安装NumPy, SciPy, matplotlib, scikit-learn,NLTK,gensim，PIL，OpenCV，PyQt4, Spyder, Cython, SWIG, ETS
在Ubuntu下安装Python模块通常可以使用apt-get和pip命令。
apt-get命令是Ubuntu自带的包管理命令，而pip则是Python安装扩展模块的工具，通常pip会下载扩展模块的源代码并编译安装。
Ubuntu 12.04中缺省安装了Python2.7.3，首先通过下面的命令安装pip，pip是Python的一个安装和管理扩展库的工具。[Python的包管理工具]
sudo apt-get install python-pip
Ubuntu 14.04中缺省安装了Python3，自带pip，不用安装。
linux下安装NumPy，SciPy和matplotlib
1. 通过apt-get命令快速安装
sudo apt-get install python-numpy
sudo apt-get install python-scipy
sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
可以在pycharm console中查看 numpy版本和路径：
import numpy
print numpy.__version__
print numpy.__file__
2. 通过pip编译安装
可以先用apt-get命令安装所有编译所需的库：
sudo apt-get build-dep python-numpy
sudo apt-get build-dep python-scipy
然后通过pip命令安装：
sudo pip install numpy
sudo pip install scipy
通过build-dep会安装很多库，包括Python 3.2。
PyQt4和Spyder
下面的命令安装PyQt4，Qt界面设计器，PyQt4的开发工具以及文档：
sudo apt-get install python-qt4
sudo apt-get install qt4-designer
sudo apt-get install pyqt4-dev-tools
sudo apt-get install python-qt4-doc
安装完毕之后，文档位于：
/usr/share/doc/python-qt4-doc
安装好PyQt4之后通过下面的命令安装Spyder：
sudo apt-get install spyder
由于Spyder经常更新，通过下面的命令可以安装最新版：
sudo pip install spyder --upgrade
cython和SWIG
Cython和SWIG是编写Python扩展模块的工具：
sudo pip install cython
sudo apt-get install swig
输入 cython --version 和 swig -version 查看版本。
ETS
ETS是enthought公司开发的一套科学计算软件包，其中的Mayavi通过VTK实现数据的三维可视化。
首先通过下面的命令安装编译ETS所需的库：
sudo apt-get install python-dev libxtst-dev scons python-vtk pyqt4-dev-tools python2.7-wxgtk2.8 python-configobj
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev
创建ets目录，并在此目录下下载ets.py，运行ets.py可以复制最新版的ETS源程序，并安装：
mkdir ets
cd ets
wget https://github.com/enthought/ets/raw/master/ets.py
python ets.py clone
sudo python ets.py develop
#sudo python ets.py install 或者运行install安装
如果一切正常，那么输入 mayavi2 命令则会启动mayavi。
linux下安装scikit-learn
Building scikit-learn with pip
This is usually the fastest way to install or upgrade to the latest stablerelease:
pip install --user --install-option="--prefix=" -U scikit-learn
Note:
1. The--userflag ask pip to install scikit-learn in the$HOME/.localfolder therefore not requiring root permission. This flag should make pipignore any old version of scikit-learn previously installed on the system whilebenefitting from system packages for numpy and scipy. Those dependencies canbe long and complex to build correctly from source.
2. The--install-option="--prefix="flag is only required if Python has adistutils.cfgconfiguration with a predefinedprefix=entry.
From source package
Download the source package fromhttp://pypi.python.org/pypi/scikit-learn/, unpack the sources and cd into the source directory.
This packages uses distutils, which is the default way of installingpython modules. The install command is:
python setup.py install
linux下安装NLTK
Install Setuptools:http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
Install Pip: runsudoeasy_installpip
Install Numpy (optional): runsudopipinstall-Unumpy
Install NLTK: runsudopipinstall-Unltk
Test installation: runpythonthen typeimportnltk
Note:Mac/Unix都通过这种方式安装nltk
[http://www.nltk.org/install.html]
linux下安装gensim
1. #pip install gensim
unzipped the source tar.gz package, you'll need to run:
#python setup.py test
#python setup.py install
Note:gensim依赖NumPy和SciPy,要先安装
linux下安装OpenCV
python-opencv:
环境
ubuntu 12.04 LTS
python 2.7.3
opencv 2.3.1-7
安装依赖
sudo apt-get install libopencv-*
sudo apt-get install python-opencv
sudo apt-get install python-numpy
【UBUNTU下安装OPENCV和测试python-opencv】
【ubuntu 下 安装 python-opencv 配置】
dpkg -L python-opencv命令查看，搜索安装到何处
root@ubuntu:~#dpkg -L python-opencv
/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/python-support
/usr/share/python-support/python-opencv.public
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/python-opencv
/usr/share/doc/python-opencv/copyright
/usr/share/pyshared
/usr/share/pyshared/cv.py
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/pyshared
/usr/lib/pyshared/python2.7
/usr/lib/pyshared/python2.7/cv2.so
/usr/share/doc/python-opencv/changelog.Debian.gz
测试opencv安装好没：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
#################################### coding=utf-8# !/usr/bin/env python# __author__ = 'pipi'# ctime 2014.10.12# 测试opencv###################################import cvif __name__ == '__main__': img = cv.LoadImageM ("faces.jpg") # 打开图像 cv.NamedWindow ("ShowImage") # 创建窗口 cv.ShowImage ("ShowImage", img) # 显示图像 cv.WaitKey (0)
#################################### coding=utf-8# !/usr/bin/env python# __author__ = 'pipi'# ctime 2014.10.12# 测试opencv###################################import cvif __name__ == '__main__': img = cv.LoadImageM ("faces.jpg") # 打开图像 cv.NamedWindow ("ShowImage") # 创建窗口 cv.ShowImage ("ShowImage", img) # 显示图像 cv.WaitKey (0)
python-opencv这个基本过时了，cv2是opencv自己带的python绑定，编译opencv应该就有了
python-opencv:
更新下载更新软件包列表信息
apt-get update
查询OpenCV相关软件包
$ apt-cache search opencv
libcv-dev - development files for libcv
libcv1 - computer vision library
libcvaux-dev - development files for libcvaux
libcvaux1 - computer vision extension library
libhighgui-dev - development files for libhighgui
libhighgui1 - computer vision GUI library
opencv-doc - OpenCV documentation and examples
python-opencv - Python bindings for the computer vision library
//以上内容可能是没有及时更新
//用命令行$ apt-cache search opencv在ubuntu（12.04LTS）找到的最新的opencv版本是2.1
harpia - Image Processing/Computer Vision Automatic Prgm. Tool
libcv-dev - development files for libcv
libcv2.1 - computer vision library
libcvaux-dev - development files for libcvaux
libcvaux2.1 - computer vision extension library
libhighgui-dev - development files for libhighgui
libhighgui2.1 - computer vision GUI library
opencv-doc - OpenCV documentation and examples
python-opencv - Python bindings for the computer vision library
在这里，OpenCV的库CxCore和Cv都被包含入Deb包libcv中。
安装相关软件包
如果只是用来运行OpenCV程序，仅需安装libcv1，libcvaux1，libhighgui1：
apt-get install libcv1 libcvaux1 libhighgui1
如果你要使用OpenCV来编写程序，那么还需要安装libcv-dev，libcvaux-dev，libhighgui-dev包。
apt-get install libcv-dev libcvaux-dev libhighgui-dev
文档在opencv-doc包中，python-opencv是OpenCV的Python语言包，可根据需要安装。
测试安装包
测试是否安装成功,你可以使用以下的命令行编译位于源代码包中的drawing.c例子:
g++ drawing.c `pkg-config opencv --libs --cflags opencv` -o drawing
成功编译后你应该能够可以执行./drawing看到highgui输出窗口的结果了.
c-opencv?
为了编译OpenCV需要下载cmake编译工具，和一些依赖库：
sudo python setup.py install
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install cmake-gui
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev
然后终端输入http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/latest/download?source=files下载opencv源代码
或者从http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/下载最新版的OpenCV源代码，并解压。
然后创建编译用的目录release，并启动cmake-gui:
mkdir release
cmake-gui
在界面中选择OpenCV源代码的目录，和编译输出目录release，然后按Configure按钮，并根据需要设置各个编译选项，最后点Generate按钮，退出cmake-gui界面。进入编译路径，执行下面的命令：
cd release
make
sudo make install
安装完毕之后，启动IPython，并输入 import cv2 测试OpenCV是否能正常载入。在Ubuntu下貌似OpenCv不兼容使用apt-get安装numpy和scipy貌似，好像版本过低。我的解决方法是下了最新的numpy和scipy，然后自己编译安装上去的。为了安装这两个软件，我又安装了另外一大堆东西。
ps:在Ubuntu下貌似OpenCv不兼容使用apt-get安装numpy和scipy貌似，版本过低。解决方法是下载最新的numpy和scipy，然后自己编译安装上去的。为了安装这两个软件，还要安装了另外一大堆东西。
[http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/39902327]
for windows
windows下安装NumPy，SciPy，matplotlib，pil, gensim, django,pandas等python拓展包,直接下载exe文件或者whl文件安装（前提已安装python）
windows安装包下载[Unofficial Windows Binaries for Python Extension Packages]
whl文件的安装
1. 安装whl拓展名的包需要pip，安装pip【安装pip】（python3自带，不用安装）
2. 安装whl文件
1>打开python，在python命令行中输入(如果提示install错误，见2>)
pipinstallPillow-2.7.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl
2>直接在cmd中输入上面的安装命令
windows下安装PIL
1 win32下安装pil.whl文件
下载http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
2 win64下安装pil:
没有pil安装包，可用pillow（里面包含pil）替代,下载pillow.whl安装包安装
windows下安装gensim
Note:gensim依赖NumPy和SciPy
1pip安装：
pip install gensim #python3自带pip
2 下载原码安装：
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gensim#downloads
unpack the source gensim-0.10.3.tar.gz and run
`D:\Downloads\Programming\Python\gensim-0.10.3> python setup.py install`
[scripygensimwindows64 位 安装python 扩展包pythoncollection]
Documentation
Manual for the gensim package is available inHTML. Itcontains a walk-through of all its features and a complete reference section.It is also included in the source distribution package.
[https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gensim#downloads]
pip安装gensim时出现错误:
#【彻底解决 error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat】
1 pip install for python 2.7:
C:\Users\pi\pip\pip.log:
Microsoft Visual C++ 9.0 is required (Unable to find vcvarsall.bat). Get it fromhttp://aka.ms/vcpython27
an integer is required
解释：For Windows installations:
While running setup.py for package installations, Python 2.7 searches for an installed Visual Studio 2008. You can trick Python to use a newer Visual Studio by setting the correct path inVS90COMNTOOLSenvironment variable before callingsetup.py.
Execute the following command based on the version of Visual Studio installed:
Visual Studio 2010 (VS10): SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS100COMNTOOLS%
Visual Studio 2012 (VS11): SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS110COMNTOOLS%
Visual Studio 2013 (VS12): SET VS90COMNTOOLS=%VS120COMNTOOLS%
【http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2817869/error-unable-to-find-vcvarsall-bat?rq=1】
Installing gensim in windows 7
2pip install forpython3.4:
TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
Unable to find vcvarsall.bat
'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
解决：只安装visual studio 2010中c++就ok了
Important Note:【http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2817869/error-unable-to-find-vcvarsall-bat?rq=1】
If you are using a Python versionmore recentthan Python 2.7 (especially any Python 3.x), you most likely need a version of Visual Studio C++other thanthe 2008 version.
See bottom for details.
Installing Windows SDK 7.1 and then re-installing MS 2010 C++ Express Edition fixed the problem.
【https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/gensim/8Qe-nlBMncU/4Kl0zh4ZtuoJ】
python在windows下通过pip安装带有c扩展的包时，如果是python 2.7，需要vs2008，如果是python 3.x，需要vs2010，版本错了都不行，更别提mingw。因为c运行时不兼容的原因。
【http://www.zhihu.com/question/26857761】
3Difficulty installing Gensim using from source and pip
[http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/39902327]
Test installation测试python拓展安装包是否安装成功
运行python
然后import×××，没有提示错误就说明安装成功
from:http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/39902327
